U.S. Army Enhances M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 Tank Firepower with PERCH Switchblade Loitering Munitions.

The U.S. Army has successfully tested the PERCH loitering munition system integrated onto M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 main battle tanks, according to industry and U.S. Army sources. The effort signals a shift toward providing armored crews with organic, beyond-line-of-sight reconnaissance and precision-strike capabilities without relying on external drone units.

In a milestone for armored warfare modernization, the U.S. Army has successfully demonstrated the Precision Effects & Reconnaissance, Canister-Housed (PERCH) system mounted on the M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 Main Battel Tank. Developed by General Dynamics Land Systems in partnership with AeroVironment, the system allows tank crews to launch Switchblade loitering munitions directly from the vehicle, extending surveillance and strike reach well beyond visual range while remaining under armor. Army officials have emphasized that PERCH is still in the evaluation phase and has not yet been fielded to operational units.
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PERCH launcher module mounted on the side of a U.S. Army M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 tank, enabling deployment of Switchblade loitering munitions for beyond-line-of-sight reconnaissance and precision strike capabilities. (Picture source: Army Recognition Group)

PERCH equips the Abrams with two categories of tactical loitering munitions: the Switchblade 300 Block 20 and the Switchblade 600. Housed in modular canisters that bolt onto the exterior of the vehicle using existing mounting points, the system avoids any permanent modifications to the tank’s hull and operates natively through the onboard battle management systems. The result is a tightly integrated drone strike capability that requires no external command-and-control architecture and can be operated directly by the tank crew under armor.

For non-specialist readers, the significance of this upgrade hinges on the concept of "Beyond Line of Sight" (BLOS) capability. Traditionally, tanks are limited to engaging targets they can physically see through their optics or sensors, meaning if an obstacle, such as terrain, buildings, or foliage, blocks the view, the tank cannot detect or engage the enemy. BLOS systems, such as loitering munitions, overcome this limitation by enabling reconnaissance and precision strikes over hills, behind buildings, or across complex urban terrain. With loitering drones launched from the tank itself and controlled in real time, crews can now locate, observe, and neutralize enemy forces without ever exposing the tank to return fire.

In combat applications, the Switchblade 300 Block 20 introduces a highly responsive reconnaissance and engagement tool tailored for infantry targets, light vehicles, and anti-tank teams operating from concealed positions. With over 20 minutes of flight endurance, steep terminal attack angles, and user-selectable points of detonation, it excels in hunting down threats that are otherwise shielded from the Abrams’ main gun. The 300 can be used, for example, to eliminate an enemy ATGM team operating from a rooftop or trench line before they even come into firing range. Its patented wave-off and recommit capability enables mid-flight targeting changes, ensuring that the munition strikes only when conditions are optimal.

The heavier Switchblade 600 expands these capabilities into the anti-armor and bunker-busting realm. With a 40-minute loiter time and a larger warhead specifically designed to defeat armored vehicles and fortified positions, it acts as both a reconnaissance drone and a precision long-range missile. In combat terms, this means that an Abrams platoon equipped with Switchblade 600s can shape the battlefield before direct contact, targeting enemy tanks, command posts, or logistics vehicles at extended distances, well beyond the reach of the 120mm smoothbore cannon. These strikes can be carried out without warning and without the need to call for artillery or air support, dramatically shortening the sensor-to-shooter timeline.

Loitering munitions also offer a fundamentally different mode of lethality compared to the tank’s standard armament. The Abrams’ 120mm gun is optimized for high-energy, direct-line engagements, firing high-explosive and armor-piercing rounds to destroy tanks, structures, or exposed infantry. But its effectiveness depends on visibility, line of fire, and proximity. Loitering munitions introduce a parallel strike capability: slower but precise, intelligent, and capable of hovering, observing, and selecting when and how to strike. They enable a tank not just to destroy what it sees, but to destroy what it senses, without risking the vehicle.

In high-threat environments such as urban combat zones or complex terrain with high ambush risk, PERCH fundamentally enhances crew survivability. Rather than advancing blindly into a choke point or relying on scouts, Abrams units can now launch a Switchblade to reconnoiter intersections, ridgelines, or suspected ambush sites. If hostile forces are detected, they can be eliminated before the tank ever moves. This added layer of decision-making space is critical in modern warfare, where first contact often determines survivability.

Operationally, the PERCH system is also a major force enabler. Because it uses common vehicle hardware and control interfaces, it can be deployed not only on Abrams tanks but also on Stryker platforms and potentially other combat vehicles. The modular design ensures it can be upgraded as drone technology evolves, whether with new munitions, AI-assisted targeting, or future swarming capabilities.

From a tactical standpoint, the pairing of the Abrams’ traditional firepower with the surgical precision of loitering munitions provides commanders with unmatched flexibility. During offensive operations, a formation can use Switchblades to disrupt enemy defensive positions, create deception through drone incursions, or isolate targets before committing tanks to close contact. In defensive missions, the drones offer persistent aerial overwatch and can rapidly neutralize infiltrating infantry or mobile ATGM teams before they can position for an ambush.

The PERCH system is not an experimental concept. It is a fieldable and combat-ready capability already aligned with the Army’s doctrine for multi-domain operations. It reflects a broader shift in armored warfare, where the tank is no longer just a kinetic platform but a multi-role command-and-strike hub within a larger digital battlefield. By integrating sensors, weapons, and decision-making into a single unit, the U.S. Army M1A2 Abrams SEPv3 tank with PERCH is equipped not just for today’s battles but for tomorrow’s unpredictable and rapidly evolving combat environments.

As peer adversaries expand their anti-armor capabilities with drones, guided missiles, and electronic warfare, the U.S. Army’s approach is clear: match mass with precision, armor with agility, and direct fire with aerial lethality. PERCH delivers all three, and it positions the Abrams, once again, at the forefront of mechanized warfare innovation.

Written by Alain Servaes – Chief Editor, Army Recognition Group
Alain Servaes is a former infantry non-commissioned officer and the founder of Army Recognition. With over 20 years of experience in defense journalism, he provides expert analysis of military equipment, NATO operations, and the global defense industry.