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Analysis: What Are Long-Range Precision Strike Solutions for Germany and Europe?.
Germany and its European allies have recognized a critical gap in their capabilities regarding long-range precision strike weapons, such as ballistic or cruise missiles. These weapons are essential for hitting strategic targets behind enemy lines, such as command centers or ammunition depots, at distances exceeding 2,000 kilometers. In response to this gap, Germany, France, Italy, Poland, Sweden, and Great Britain have launched the European Long-Range Strike Initiative (ELSA), aimed at developing suitable non-nuclear weapon systems. However, the ability of the European industry to deliver such weapons in the short term remains uncertain. Hartpunkt provided an insightful analysis on this subject, dated January 31, 2025, so let’s take a closer look at the situation.
The most likely option seems to be the acquisition of long-range precision strike solutions, such as the Tomahawk missiles already used by the US Army. (Picture source: US DoD)
Currently, France is the only actor offering a solution with the MdCN (Missile de Croisière Naval), but adapting it for surface-to-surface use would require years of development. In the meantime, the United States has announced the temporary introduction of Tomahawk and SM-6 missiles into Germany starting in 2026. These weapons will be part of the U.S. Multi-Domain Task Forces (MDTFs), whose role is to provide long-range strikes using rockets and cruise missiles.
In the case that new deterrence capabilities take several years to establish, Germany’s option would be to extend the range of its existing systems or acquire interim solutions. One of the options being considered for the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) is the development of the Taurus missile. Although this missile is one of the best European cruise missiles, its range is limited to about 500 kilometers, and no significant progress has been made in its development, apart from the modernization of existing missiles.
In another domain, Germany has ordered AGM-158B/B2 JASSM-ER (Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missiles-Extended Range) missiles for its future F-35 fleet. These missiles, with a range of 1,000 kilometers, will complement the long-range strike capability of the German Air Force, but the deployment of the F-35s is still several years away.
The German Navy is also in a similar situation, lacking missiles with the required range for deep strikes. The RBS-15 and the future Naval Strike Missile do not meet the necessary specifications, and the Super Sonic Strike Missile (3SM) Tyrfing, developed with Norway, is not expected to be available until 2035.
In light of these immediate gaps, the German Army is considering acquiring a land-launched precision missile. Such a solution would offer several advantages, notably the ability to deploy the system without relying on airbases or warships while providing greater mobility and concealability.
The most likely option appears to be the purchase of existing systems, specifically, the Tomahawk missiles already used by the U.S. military. These missiles have sufficient range and proven precision to meet the Bundeswehr’s needs. According to informed sources, the German Ministry of Defense is already in discussions with the United States to acquire Tomahawks as an interim solution. However, the political situation, particularly the upcoming federal elections and changes in the U.S. administration, could complicate these negotiations.
For several years, the U.S. has shown flexibility in exporting the Tomahawk to its allies, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Japan, and the Netherlands. Discussions are also underway to equip the future German Navy’s Class 127 frigates with these missiles. Although the final decision from the U.S. administration on this issue is still pending, the possibility of Tomahawks being part of the German military forces seems plausible.
For land-based launch, Lockheed Martin has developed the MK 70 Mod 1 system, which would allow the Tomahawks to be deployed from ground platforms. This system, derived from the Mk 41 Vertical Launch System used on ships, would be an interesting option for the German ground forces.
In conclusion, while the Tomahawk solution is still under discussion, it appears to be the most immediate response to the long-range strike capability gap in Europe. As the European industry continues to search for long-term solutions, the acquisition of Tomahawk missiles could be a pragmatic choice to meet the urgent needs of the Bundeswehr. Additionally, this could help ease tensions with the new President Trump, who seems more determined than ever to reshape trade relations between Europe and the United States.