The 2S25M Sprut-SDM1 is fitted with a two-man turret armed with a 125 mm 2A75M smoothbore tank gun which characteristics virtually match those of the 2A46M5 tank main armament. It fires all types of ammunition designed for the T-72 and T-90 main battle tanks. The 2S25M has the same firepower level of T-90 main battle tank using the same ammunition with a high power-to-weight ratio. The turret is fully stabilized in elevation and traverse. The gun has an elevation of +17º and a depression of -5º. Turret traverse is a full 360º. The 2A75M’s ammunition load comprises 40 rounds, of which 22 are in the autoloader and 18 are stowed somewhere else in the vehicle. The organic ammo load consists of 20 blast-fragmentation and 14 APFSDS rounds and six ATGMs (the latter may be replaced with six HEAT rounds). The 2S25M gun can fire a modernized missile, a derivative of the Invar-M round. The precursor in the missile’s nose section punches through the ERA, including an integral one. With the upgraded Invar-M round in its weapons suite, the Sprut-SDM1 has radically advanced capabilities, e.g. the missile’s range is 2-2.5 times longer than that of the gun of any present-day tank, because tank-fired projectiles have a range of 2,000 m, while the AT guided missile’s reach is 5,000 m, according to Russian military experts. The second armament includes a 7.62 mm PKTM machine gun which is mounted coaxially with the main armament on the left side. A remotely controlled weapon station is mounted on the top left side of the turret which is armed with a 7.62mm PKTM machine gun. Three smoke grenade dischargers 902V Tucha are mounted on each side at the front of the turret. The Sprut-SDM1 is able to fire with the main gun during a river crossing or amphibious operations.

The layout of the 2S25M Sprut-SDM1 is similar to the previous version of the 2S25 with the crew compartment at the front, turret and fighting compartment in the center, and engine compartment at the rear. The driver is seated at the front of the hull in the center and has a single-piece hatch cover and three-day periscopes. The 2S25 uses some same components of the BMD-4M airborne IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) as the digital fire control system and engine. The front of 40º left and right of the 2S25M provides protection against the firing of small arms up to 12.7 mm and through the remainder of the vehicle against attack from 7.62 mm.