In a new show of military force, North Korea launched multiple short-range ballistic missiles toward the Sea of Japan on November 5, 2024, according to South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Staff. The missiles, which traveled approximately 400 kilometers, landed outside Japan’s exclusive economic zone without causing damage, marking another escalation in the region following North Korea’s recent intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) test. This test prompted the United States to deploy a B-1B bomber in joint exercises with South Korea and Japan, a move that North Korea denounced as provocative.

Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

North Korea KN 24 Short-Range Ballistic Missiles (Picture source: North Korea MoD)

Tuesday's missile launches come just days after North Korean leader Kim Jong Un supervised the flight test of the Hwasong-19, an advanced ICBM designed to reach as far as the U.S. mainland. This launch led to an immediate U.S. response, deploying a B-1B bomber in a trilateral drill with South Korean and Japanese forces on Sunday. This show of force, seen as aggressive by Pyongyang, provoked sharp criticism from Kim Jong Un’s sister, Kim Yo Jong, who condemned these joint military exercises as “adventuristic threats” that escalate tensions.

North Korea possesses a diverse and growing arsenal of ballistic missiles, ranging from short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) to intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), showcasing advancements in both range and payload capacities. The Hwasong-14 and Hwasong-15 ICBMs, for instance, represent North Korea’s longest-range missiles, with estimated ranges of over 10,000 kilometers, theoretically capable of reaching parts of the continental United States. The Hwasong-17, tested in recent years, is believed to be an even more powerful ICBM with the potential to carry multiple warheads, though its operational status remains under scrutiny.

In the medium-range category, North Korea deploys the Pukguksong series, which includes solid-fuel, submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) such as the Pukguksong-3, estimated to have a range of around 2,000 kilometers. This capacity enhances North Korea's second-strike capability and ability to bypass early detection. Shorter-range missiles, such as the KN-23 and KN-24, have ranges between 400 and 600 kilometers and are designed for tactical battlefield use, capable of reaching targets throughout South Korea and parts of Japan. These missiles employ advanced maneuvering technology, complicating interception efforts by regional missile defense systems. Collectively, North Korea’s missile programs demonstrate an evolution toward survivability, precision, and expanded reach, supporting its strategy of deterrence and potential leverage in diplomatic negotiations.

North Korea has several types of short-range ballistic missiles (SRBMs) that play a crucial role in its regional deterrence strategy, particularly targeting South Korea and Japan. Among the most notable is the KN-23, which resembles Russian Iskander missiles. The KN-23 has a range of approximately 400 to 600 kilometers and is designed to perform complex flight paths and terminal maneuvers, making it difficult to intercept by missile defense systems.

Another notable SRBM is the KN-24, often compared to the American ATACMS missile. With a range similar to the KN-23, it is equipped with advanced guidance technology, enabling it to strike targets with high precision. The KN-24 is designed for precision strikes on strategic installations, such as military bases within the Korean Peninsula. The KN-25, often referred to as a "super-large multiple rocket launcher," is another SRBM system, unique for its rapid salvo capability. It can launch multiple projectiles in quick succession, each with a range of around 380 kilometers. This type of missile is designed to overwhelm South Korea's air defenses with a high volume of fire.

Finally, it is essential to mention North Korea's improved Scud variants, such as the Scud-B and Scud-C, although they are older models. These missiles, derived from Soviet designs, have ranges of around 300 to 500 kilometers and remain in North Korea’s arsenal for short-range strikes.

By combining these various SRBMs, North Korea has a rapid and diverse strike capability, enabling it to reach nearby strategic targets, challenge regional missile defenses, and reinforce its deterrent power.

For decades, North Korea has intensively worked to develop its short-range ballistic missile capabilities, initially using systems based on Soviet technologies. The first major milestone was the development of its Scud missiles in the 1980s, based on Soviet models acquired indirectly. In the 1990s, Pyongyang began producing improved variants, such as the Scud-B and Scud-C, which could reach targets up to 500 kilometers away. Starting in the 2000s, North Korea sought to enhance the precision and maneuverability of its missiles, inspired by modern designs, leading to the introduction of the KN-02, a more advanced SRBM with a range of 120 kilometers. The 2010s marked a new phase with the development of missiles like the KN-23 and KN-24, whose technological sophistication rivals that of the Iskander and ATACMS missiles, respectively. Tested for the first time in 2019, these missiles integrate advanced guidance systems and maneuvering capabilities to evade missile defenses. The KN-25, which appeared in the 2020s, represents another advance in the capacity to saturate enemy defenses with its rapid salvo capability.

Joint development between North Korea and Russia has intensified in a context of international sanctions and growing diplomatic pressure, pushing the two countries to cooperate in strategic areas. Reports indicate that in recent years, Russia may have provided technical assistance to North Korea to modernize its missiles in exchange for North Korean munitions and military personnel to support Russian operations, particularly in Ukraine. This cooperation would have enabled Pyongyang to acquire sophisticated components and technologies that the country would have otherwise struggled to obtain under embargo. This strategic partnership aims to bypass international restrictions and allows North Korea to enhance its longer-range and more precise missiles, thus strengthening the mutual deterrence of Pyongyang and Moscow against the United States and its allies. This collaboration has been criticized by the international community, which views it as a threat to regional stability and a direct challenge to nuclear non-proliferation efforts.

Elbit Systems Ltd. announced that it was awarded a follow-on contract of approximately $127 million to supply Iron Fist Active Protection Systems (APS) to General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems (GD-OTS) for the modernization of the U.S. Army’s Bradley M2A4E1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFV). This contract will be executed over a period of 34 months.

Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

U.S. Army’s Bradley M2A4E1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles, IFV (Picture source: Elbit Systems)

The Iron Fist APS, known for its Hard Kill capabilities, offers an innovative solution aimed at strengthening the self-defense capabilities of both light and heavy armored vehicles against sophisticated and evolving battlefield threats. Initially developed for the Israel Defense Forces, Iron Fist represents the second generation of APS technology, integrating several design improvements tailored to meet the U.S. Army's high standards for defense systems.

The Iron Fist APS's success lies in its ability to deliver high-performance protection while keeping volume, weight, and power consumption low. This compact design allows it to be integrated into various armored platforms without compromising the vehicle’s mobility or operational capabilities. Designed to offer 360-degree protection, the Iron Fist APS shields armored vehicles from a range of anti-tank threats, including Anti-Tank Rockets (ATR), Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGM), unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), and loitering munitions.

Through advanced sensors, targeting technology, and countermeasure deployment, the system can neutralize incoming projectiles before they reach the vehicle, thereby protecting both the crew and the vehicle itself from potentially lethal damage. The Iron Fist APS can operate effectively in open terrain as well as in urban environments, making it a versatile solution for various operational contexts.

The development of the Iron Fist Active Protection System began in Israel in the early 2000s as anti-tank threats like missiles and rockets became increasingly sophisticated. Israel Military Industries (IMI), later integrated into Elbit Systems, initiated this program to enhance land vehicle protection against direct threats using projectile-neutralizing technology.

The Iron Fist system underwent its initial testing phases in 2006, demonstrating its basic detection and interception capabilities. In 2011, the system was integrated into the Namer armored personnel carrier (APC) for validation, aimed at improving the protection of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Between 2016 and 2017, significant upgrades were made, including adjustments to reduce its weight and power consumption, facilitating its installation on a wider range of vehicles, including the Eitan, the IDF’s wheeled infantry fighting vehicle (IFV).

In 2022, the upgraded version of Iron Fist was selected to equip the U.S. Army’s Bradley M2A4 infantry fighting vehicles, marking a crucial milestone for Elbit Systems in the international market.

The Iron Fist APS has already proven its operational effectiveness with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), particularly on vehicles like the Namer, a robust APC, and the Eitan, a versatile wheeled IFV. These front-line vehicles benefit from effective active protection thanks to Iron Fist, which neutralizes various threats, including anti-tank missiles and projectiles. The successful integration of this system on Israeli armored platforms has bolstered its reputation, leading to its adoption for modernizing the U.S. Army’s Bradley vehicles.

The Iron Fist APS has also attracted interest from other armies beyond Israel and the United States. In addition to its anticipated integration into the U.S. Army’s Bradley M2A4E1 vehicles, the Dutch Army has chosen Iron Fist to equip part of its CV90 infantry fighting vehicle fleet. This decision is part of a modernization program to enhance Dutch vehicles’ protection against modern threats, including anti-tank missiles and rockets. The choice of Iron Fist by multiple armies demonstrates international confidence in its effectiveness as an active protection system for increasingly dangerous environments.

The strategic partnership between Elbit Systems and GD-OTS has been instrumental in integrating Iron Fist into the Bradley IFVs. This latest contract strengthens previous collaborations and solidifies Elbit’s position as a key defense supplier for the U.S. Army and other NATO allies. Yehuda (Udi) Vered, General Manager of Elbit Systems Land, stated, “This follow-on contract with our strategic partner GD-OTS highlights the quality and innovation of our active protection system. We are proud to contribute to strengthening the U.S. Armed Forces, other NATO customers, and to support the Israel Defense Forces. We remain committed to advancing cutting-edge solutions that enhance our customers’ operational capabilities and support their mission success.”

Several other active protection systems similar to Iron Fist are available on the market, each with features adapted to the needs of various militaries. The Trophy APS, developed by Rafael in Israel, is one of the most tested, used by both the IDF and integrated into the U.S. Army's M1 Abrams tanks to neutralize anti-tank missiles and rockets effectively. In Germany, Rheinmetall’s AMAP-ADS system employs electromagnetic sensors to detect and destroy incoming projectiles, offering an active protection solution for both light and heavy vehicles. In Russia, several systems are in use, including the Arena, designed for T-90 tanks, and the Afghanit, a more advanced system for T-14 Armata tanks, combining radars and electronic countermeasures to intercept threats. The SHTORA system, also Russian, adopts a “soft kill” approach by disrupting enemy missile guidance with electronic interference, making it complementary to physical defense systems. The choice of Iron Fist by the U.S. and the Netherlands underscores a preference for a compact, lightweight, and reliable system, capable of protecting modern vehicles without adding excessive weight, meeting the growing protection demands on contemporary battlefields.

The Iron Fist system also stands out for its enhanced effectiveness compared to other active protection systems. Unlike systems like Trophy, which is effective but relatively heavy, Iron Fist is lighter and more compact, thus reducing its impact on vehicle mobility and autonomy. Its design minimizes energy and volume requirements, making it ideal for various platforms, including lighter vehicles, where systems like Trophy and AMAP-ADS might be more limited due to their weight and integration complexity.

In terms of response capability, Iron Fist offers rapid threat detection and interception with 360-degree coverage, enabling optimal protection against various anti-tank projectiles (including missiles and loitering munitions). This differentiates it from the Russian Arena system, which is effective but limited in directional coverage and lacks the precision needed for multi-target interception. Additionally, Iron Fist is designed for targeted neutralization, limiting collateral damage, a crucial advantage in urban environments or near allied troops, unlike the Russian Afghanit and Arena systems, which generate larger and potentially more destructive explosions in close range.

Iron Fist also excels in its adaptability to modern threats and complex environments, thanks to its scalable technology. Its compatibility with digital command networks makes it suitable for connected warfare needs and enables future software updates, a flexibility lacking in older systems like Arena. Overall, Iron Fist stands out for its lightweight design, effectiveness in urban areas, precision, and ability to adapt to modern battlefield requirements, making it a more versatile and scalable solution for armed forces.

Finally, the Bradley M2A4 is also equipped with the IBAS Block 2.8, representing another significant upgrade. This enhanced acquisition system for the Bradley, equipped with a high-definition long-wave FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared) camera, gives the gunner the ability to detect and engage targets both day and night, even in low-visibility conditions. This improved detection capability significantly boosts the Bradley's effectiveness on the battlefield, particularly in environments where asymmetric warfare demands rapid and precise responses.

The chassis of the M2A4E1 remains true to its reputation for robustness and soldier protection, but it benefits from several upgrades to increase mobility in difficult terrains, while also offering improved protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The vehicle is equipped with an environmental control system, designed to prevent crew heat stress in extreme climatic conditions, ensuring better operational endurance.

In terms of cybersecurity, enhancements have been made to strengthen protection against cyber threats, a critical area in modern conflicts where command and control systems are often targeted.

During the military parade on November 1, 2024, marking the 70th anniversary of the Liberation Revolution, the Algerian Army introduced a newly developed engineer tracked armored vehicle. This advanced engineering vehicle is based on the Soviet-era T-62 main battle tank chassis, upgraded with modern features to enable specialized mine-clearing and demolition tasks on the battlefield. Designed for combat engineering operations, this new asset in the Algerian military arsenal significantly enhances the country's capability to handle obstacles and explosives in hostile environments.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The Algerian Army's newly unveiled mine-clearing engineer vehicle, based on the Soviet T-62 tank chassis, was showcased during the military parade commemorating the 70th anniversary of the Liberation Revolution on November 1, 2024. (Picture source: Screenshot Video report Algerian National TV)

Two large boxes mounted at the top of the Soviet-made T-62 tank chassis house linear demolition charges, which enable the vehicle's core functionality. These mine-clearing line charges can be deployed by rocket propulsion, making it an effective tool for breaching minefields and clearing paths for advancing troops and vehicles. This technology positions the new Algerian engineering vehicle on par with the American M1150 Assault Breacher Vehicle (ABV) based on the M1 Abrams tank chassis. It is similarly equipped for breaching and obstacle-clearing operations.

The Algerian engineer vehicle is fitted with explosive reactive armor (ERA) plates strategically placed on the upper and lower glacis and covering approximately 75% of its sides. This armor configuration provides enhanced protection against incoming threats, such as rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs) and anti-tank missiles, which are common in minefield clearance zones. The vehicle's rear is equipped with statistical armor, providing lighter protection while maintaining essential defense for the engineering crew.

For further self-defense, the vehicle has a bank of three smoke dischargers on each side, located above the mine-laying boxes. These dischargers allow the vehicle to deploy smoke screens to obscure its position from enemy forces. This feature is critical in hostile zones, where smoke can enhance the survivability of the vehicle and crew by providing temporary cover during complex operations.

The new vehicle is armed with a 12.7mm heavy machine gun mounted at the front center of the mine-laying boxes. This weapon provides defensive fire capability, enabling the crew to respond effectively to close-range threats. The choice of a heavy machine gun for self-protection aligns with similar configurations in other modern engineering vehicles, balancing firepower and functionality.

The vehicle’s crew includes three personnel: a driver, a commander, and an operator who oversees mine-clearing tasks. This configuration allows for specialized roles in operating the vehicle, managing explosive deployment, and navigating hostile terrains. The crew structure and vehicle design emphasize operational efficiency and resilience, critical elements for engineering vehicles deployed in high-risk zones.

The unveiling of this T-62-based engineering vehicle highlights Algeria's commitment to modernizing its armored fleet with multi-role vehicles capable of supporting both offensive and defensive operations. By adapting the T-62 tank chassis, Algeria capitalizes on a reliable and robust platform, modernized to meet battlefield requirements without requiring new tank designs. This approach optimizes resources and aligns with Algeria’s broader strategy of bolstering its domestic defense capabilities with versatile and cost-effective solutions.

With this new combat engineer vehicle, the Algerian Army adds a critical asset to its combat engineering units, enhancing their capability to support armored columns and infantry in clearing mines and obstacles. Its introduction reflects a strategic move towards self-sufficiency in defense production, showcasing a simultaneously advanced and familiar platform, blending legacy components with modern engineering solutions.

The appearance of this vehicle at the parade underscores Algeria's progress in advancing its defense technology and its resolve to build a self-reliant, well-equipped military force capable of addressing evolving security challenges.

On October 23, 2023, Hyundai Rotem, a subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Group, announced the development of the K3, the world’s first hydrogen-powered battle tank, in partnership with the Agency for Defense Development and the Korea Research Institute for Defense Technology Planning and Advancement. This tank is designed to enhance the capabilities of the Republic of Korea while meeting global energy sustainability goals. Equipped with hydrogen fuel cells, the K3 is expected to replace the diesel engines in current tanks, such as the K2, offering quieter and stealthier operational capabilities.

Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Hyundai Rotem Hydrogen-Powered Next-Gen K3 Tank  (Picture source: Hyndai Rotem)

The collaboration between Hyundai Rotem, the Agency for Defense Development, and the Korea Research Institute for Defense Technology Planning and Advancement represents a significant technological breakthrough, moving the country closer to adopting hydrogen-powered vehicles in military applications. The K3 is expected to be equipped with hydrogen fuel cells, advanced electric motors, and rechargeable batteries, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to diesel engines. This innovative system not only reduces emissions but also allows the tank to operate in near silence, greatly enhancing its stealth capabilities—an essential strategic advantage in modern warfare.

The anticipated design of the K3 offers substantial operational benefits, including the ability to navigate difficult terrain and steep inclines. In addition to its hydrogen fuel cells, the tank will feature a 130mm smoothbore gun, a significant upgrade from the K2’s 120mm gun, enhancing its firepower. Hyundai Rotem has also revealed plans to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into the tank’s fire control system. This AI-driven feature aims to improve the K3’s targeting and precision capabilities, giving it an advantage in preemptive strikes and rapid threat assessment on the battlefield.

Production of the fully hydrogen-powered K3 tank is targeted for 2040. As an interim solution, Hyundai Rotem will first introduce a hybrid model, combining diesel and hydrogen systems. This transitional phase will allow the South Korean Army to benefit from some of the advantages of hydrogen technology while preparing for a complete shift to this energy source. Hyundai Rotem officials have confirmed that this hybrid version will be operational soon, supporting South Korea’s strategic objectives with reduced emissions while maintaining robust military effectiveness.

The development of the K3 tank aligns with a broader trend toward hydrogen fuel applications in the global defense and transportation sectors. Hyundai, already recognized for its pioneering work in fuel cells, is extending its expertise into military technology, contributing to the evolution of hydrogen-based mobility solutions. For instance, the company has previously collaborated with China’s WeRide on hydrogen-powered autonomous vehicles. Similarly, in the United States, advancements in hydrogen technology are making waves in commercial and military maritime transport, with projects like the “Sea Change,” the first hydrogen-powered ferry approved by the U.S. Coast Guard, set to launch soon in San Francisco Bay.

A hydrogen fuel cell operates by converting hydrogen and oxygen into electricity, water, and heat through an electrochemical reaction. It consists of three main components: an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. Hydrogen, stored in a tank, is injected into the anode, where it splits into protons and electrons through catalysis. The protons pass through the electrolyte to reach the cathode, while the electrons, unable to cross the electrolyte, travel through an external circuit, generating usable electric current. On the other side, oxygen, typically drawn from the air, is introduced at the cathode, where it combines with protons and electrons to form water, a clean by-product of this reaction. This technology, emitting only water and heat, provides a sustainable and pollution-free energy source, ideal for applications requiring low acoustic and thermal signatures, such as stealth military operations.

In a conflict like the one in Ukraine, a hydrogen-powered tank would offer significant strategic advantages, notably in terms of stealth, autonomy, and operability in hostile environments. Due to its low thermal signature, a hydrogen tank would be harder to detect by infrared surveillance systems, facilitating discrete maneuvers, night patrols, and infiltration behind enemy lines. Its increased autonomy would also allow armored units to penetrate deeper into enemy territory without frequent refueling, a valuable capability in areas with complex logistical supply chains. Additionally, producing only water vapor without polluting emissions would make the tank resilient to degraded or contaminated environments, typical of urban and industrial areas affected by warfare. By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, this type of vehicle would ease logistical demands and protect supply lines, which are often vulnerable to targeted attacks. Finally, the silent operation of hydrogen technology would offer a crucial advantage for ambushes or defense in forested or urban areas, allowing the tank to remain undetected until engagement. Thus, a hydrogen-powered tank could address the unique challenges of a modern conflict like the one in Ukraine, offering a combination of discretion, autonomy, and environmental resilience that would significantly strengthen operational capabilities on the ground.

Hydrogen-powered military vehicle development projects are gaining momentum globally, though South Korea, with its K3 tank, is at the forefront. Other countries and defense companies are also exploring the potential of hydrogen for military applications, although efforts are generally less advanced than those of Hyundai Rotem.

In the United States, the military is evaluating the viability of hydrogen as part of its "Next Generation Combat Vehicle" (NGCV) program. General Motors Defense, for instance, developed the "ZH2" prototype, a hydrogen-powered all-terrain vehicle designed for the U.S. Army. This model aims to test hydrogen technology’s stealth and autonomy capabilities for missions. Additionally, BAE Systems and Oshkosh Defense, two major defense contractors, are also exploring hybrid and hydrogen technologies for future applications, though their focus remains primarily on hybrid vehicles for now.

In Europe, the MGCS (Main Ground Combat System) program, led jointly by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) and Nexter, is a flagship project for developing the future European battle tank. While still in the specification phase, hybrid and hydrogen options are being considered to reduce emissions and enhance stealth. Rheinmetall, another major player involved in the project, is also researching alternative propulsion solutions, but no final decision has been made regarding hydrogen technology adoption.

Japan is also interested in hydrogen fuel cells for armored vehicles through Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. This industrial conglomerate is exploring the use of hydrogen technology for its future battle tanks, responding to the Japanese Ministry of Defense’s requirements for solutions that increase autonomy while reducing the carbon footprint. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries focuses primarily on prototypes and performance testing in difficult terrains to assess hydrogen’s applicability in its combat vehicles.

Israel is another potential player interested in hydrogen’s advantages for missions requiring low acoustic and thermal signatures. Israeli companies, such as Elbit Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI), are conducting research on stealth defense vehicles and considering alternative propulsion solutions to meet the specific needs of the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), although no official hydrogen-dedicated program has been launched to date.

In summary, although several countries and defense companies are actively engaged in researching new propulsion technologies to reduce the environmental impact of military vehicles, few have made hydrogen an immediate priority. Hyundai Rotem’s K3 project places South Korea at the forefront of hydrogen-powered battle tank development, offering a roadmap for other nations. This innovation could encourage European, American, and Asian players like BAE Systems, General Motors Defense, KMW, Nexter, and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to accelerate their own hydrogen programs, further exploring this technology’s potential for military environments.

The U.S. Army’s Stryker Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBCRV) has been enhanced with an innovative Sensor Suite Upgrade (SSU), enabling it to launch a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) from its rear compartment in response to NBC (Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical) threats. This UAV deployment capability represents a critical advancement in real-time threat detection, sample collection, and rapid decision-making on the battlefield.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

U.S. soldiers from the 7th Infantry Division training with Stryker NBCRV at Dugway Proving Ground get an upgrade to their ability to detect and neutralize nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) threats. (Picture source: U.S. DoD)

The SSU (Sensor Suite Upgrade) enabled Stryker NBCRV (Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle) armored vehicle can now launch an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) upon identifying an NBC threat, allowing for rapid, remote analysis of potentially hazardous environments. The UAV is docked on the back of the NBCRV and is operated by a surveyor who, upon threat detection, deploys it to gather more comprehensive data. Using semi-autonomous and waypoint navigation, the UAV maneuvers over the affected area, collecting samples with its advanced bio-sensing payload. This sensor-equipped UAV is specifically designed to detect and confirm the presence of NBC agents swiftly, providing essential data without putting personnel at risk.

The UAV's bio-sensing payload collects and analyzes environmental samples to determine if hazardous agents are present. By repeatedly flying over the area, the UAV gathers robust data, ensuring a high level of accuracy in threat detection. This real-time information is relayed directly to commanders, allowing them to make informed decisions and issue protective measures to personnel on the ground.

Training exercises with the SSU-enhanced NBCRV allow soldiers to gain proficiency with the vehicle’s UAV deployment and threat identification processes. This capability enables them to stay ahead of evolving NBC threats and mitigate exposure risks proactively. Such training is essential to ensure that NBC reconnaissance teams can rapidly and accurately respond to threats, reducing the likelihood of exposure and enhancing overall mission safety.

This UAV-enabled NBCRV demonstrates the U.S. Army's focus on integrating advanced technology into its reconnaissance operations. By enhancing the reach and responsiveness of NBC detection capabilities, the Army significantly boosts the tactical advantage and safety of its forces in potentially hazardous environments. The SSU upgrade aligns with broader military goals to improve battlefield intelligence and operational readiness.

Integrating UAVs with bio-sensing payloads marks a vital step forward in the U.S. Army’s NBC threat detection capabilities. As NBC challenges continue to evolve, such advancements ensure that U.S. soldiers have the tools necessary to address threats safely and effectively, preserving lives and enabling mission success.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) mounted at the rear of the U.S. Army's Stryker Nuclear Biological Chemical Reconnaissance Vehicle (NBCRV) is deployed for advanced NBC threat detection. This UAV allows remote sample collection and rapid data transmission to enhance battlefield safety. (Picture source U.S. DoD)

On October 29, 2024, Finnish defense company Patria unveils its latest artillery innovation, the Patria TREMOS 120mm wheeled self-propelled mortar system, at the Future Mortar Systems conference in London. This advanced system revolutionizes traditional mortar capabilities, combining high mobility, rapid deployment, and robust firepower to meet the demands of modern and future battlefield conditions. The Patria TREMOS uses advanced recoil technology that supports integration across a wide range of vehicles, including 4x4, 6x6, and 8x8 wheeled configurations, as well as lightweight tracked vehicles, making it adaptable to diverse operational needs.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The Patria TREMOS 120mm self-propelled mortar system in action during a live-fire demonstration, showcasing its rapid deployment and high-rate firepower. (Picture source: Patria)

The Patria TREMOS is designed around a 120mm smoothbore mortar, compatible with existing barrels and breeches, allowing it to utilize NATO-compliant ammunition and ballistic tables already in service. This compatibility simplifies logistics and training, as forces can leverage in-service equipment and procedures. The hydro-pneumatic recoil system minimizes the impact on the platform, eliminating the need for ground support and enabling seamless integration across various vehicle classes. This design enhances stability and supports rapid repositioning, ensuring quick engagement and immediate withdrawal.

Key performance capabilities define the Patria TREMOS as a powerful and responsive support tool for infantry. The system achieves a rapid rate of fire, capable of launching 12 to 15 rounds per minute, with the first three rounds delivered within just 15 seconds. Depending on the ammunition, it can reach targets over 7 kilometers away, delivering sustained fire support even in fast-moving scenarios.

Designed for rapid deployment, the Patria TREMOS can be ready to fire within 60 seconds of arrival at a firing position. Upon completing a fire mission, the system can immediately relocate, enhancing crew safety and minimizing exposure to counter-fire. This “shoot-and-scoot” capability is supported by the system’s modular and recoil-optimized structure, which ensures stability across various terrains and vehicle platforms. This modular design not only optimizes space within the vehicle but also makes it easy to transfer the system between different platforms, improving logistical flexibility.

For enhanced targeting and operational accuracy, the Patria TREMOS can be equipped with an Inertial Navigation Unit (INU) and integrated with Battle Management System (BMS) connectivity, ensuring precision from the first shot. The system also includes an intuitive modular ammunition storage unit, allowing secure and efficient handling of various types of mortar rounds, with safety mechanisms built in to allow use in day, night, and all-weather conditions.

A dedicated crew of three to four members can operate the Patria TREMOS, with ergonomic seats allowing them to remain in operational positions even during vehicle movement, reducing time for setup and engagement. The efficient recoil system enhances both mobility and safety by removing the need for extensive ground preparation, making the system suitable for rapid deployment and repositioning.

Through its combination of advanced mobility, high-intensity firepower, and rapid response capability, the Patria TREMOS is an ideal artillery solution for modern warfare. By integrating modern recoil technology with existing mortar components, Patria offers a solution that effectively extends the capabilities of traditional mortar systems, making them a more powerful asset in today’s unpredictable battlefield environments.

According to recent information reported by South Korean Defense Company Hanwha Defense, the latest generation of South Korea’s 155mm tracked self-propelled howitzer, the K9A2, is expected to be operational by 2027. The K9A2, South Korea's latest upgrade in the widely respected K9 Thunder series of self-propelled howitzers, introduces cutting-edge enhancements that make it even more formidable on the battlefield. Originally developed for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, the K9 series has become one of the most reliable and widely adopted artillery systems worldwide, known for its versatility and operational effectiveness.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The South Korean-made K9A2 155mm self-propelled howitzer was displayed at AUSA 2024, a defense exhibition in Washington D.C., United States.  (Picture source: Army Recognition Group)

At the core of the K9A2’s advancements is its new 155mm/52-caliber gun system, representing a marked improvement in firepower and precision. The K9A2 can achieve an impressive firing rate of 10 rounds per minute, equipped with a fully automatic ammunition handling system and an automatic turret. This substantial increase from the K9A1's rate of 6 to 8 rounds per minute highlights the K9A2’s capability for sustained, high-intensity fire missions. The loading system and turret reduce the crew requirement from five to three, enhancing operational efficiency and freeing up personnel for other tasks.

Further bolstering its performance, the K9A2’s new gun system allows it to reach extended ranges of up to 70 kilometers when using advanced extended-range ammunition. This range increase and improved targeting precision offer superior engagement options in offensive and defensive operations. Enhanced mobility features also come with the K9A2, which has an upgraded suspension and powertrain system. These improvements ensure better handling on rugged terrain, enabling rapid redeployment even in challenging environments.

Another key feature of the K9A2 is enhanced survivability, with additional armor incorporated to protect against mines and small arms fire. This upgrade, combined with the enhanced firing capabilities, provides a comprehensive package that is robust, agile, and ready for various combat situations.

Globally, the K9 series has seen extensive adoption due to its reputation for reliability and adaptability. Turkey produces its own version of the T-155 Fırtına, and India has developed the K9 Vajra-T, a tailored variant adapted for local conditions. Poland has placed a significant order for hundreds of K9A1 and K9A2 units as part of its defense modernization program. Other operators, including Estonia, Norway, Finland, Australia, and Egypt, have chosen the K9 for its advanced features and battlefield performance, underscoring its global appeal.

The K9A2's new 155mm/52-calibre system and fully automatic handling enhancements position it as one of the most capable and future-ready self-propelled howitzers, combining increased firepower, range, and mobility with the proven reliability of the K9 platform. This variant’s innovations underscore South Korea’s commitment to advancing artillery technology, making the K9A2 a standout choice for modern armed forces worldwide.

Amid rapid advancements in aerial technology, the PHANTOM emerges as a discreet and efficient option for demanding missions. Designed to push the boundaries of drone capabilities, it combines advanced technology and adaptability, setting new standards in aviation, particularly with its 10,000 km range. Its technical features and durability make it a promising player in the field of heavy drones, capable of meeting various needs, from surveillance to critical logistical missions.

Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The PHANTOM's altitude capabilities allow it to reach 6,000 meters and cover up to 10,000 km, making it ideal for extensive international missions (Picture source: UAVIATOR)

With a structural weight of 600 kg, the PHANTOM is built to carry a substantial payload of up to 500 kg. This significant capacity enables a wide range of operations, from transporting specialized equipment to delivering essential supplies. The drone reaches a total takeoff weight of 1,100 kg, reflecting its sturdy design and optimized construction for long-range missions. Its 14-meter wingspan ensures remarkable stability in flight, providing reliable maneuverability even under challenging weather conditions.

The PHANTOM also stands out with its altitude capabilities, reaching a maximum flight height of 6,000 meters. At this altitude, it can cover impressive distances, with a range of up to 10,000 km, making it suitable for large-scale international operations. Its glide ratio of 52:1 ensures optimal efficiency, reducing energy consumption while maximizing glide performance. These qualities make the PHANTOM a valuable tool for operations that require both discretion and endurance.

The incorporation of stealth technology further enhances its potential in sensitive environments, where avoiding detection is crucial. The PHANTOM's ability to blend into the horizon while remaining undetectable by traditional detection systems provides a strategic advantage for users. Whether for surveillance, reconnaissance, or logistical support, the PHANTOM ensures effective operations while maintaining a low profile.

Additionally, the PHANTOM is designed with modularity in mind, allowing for easy configuration adjustments to meet specific mission requirements. The option to equip or remove non-essential components makes it a highly versatile drone, suited for a wide range of operational applications. The integration of LEDs and modular components also supports night missions and operations in low-visibility conditions.

Iran has developed a new milestone in its domestic military artillery vehicle production with its locally-made RAAD-2M, a tracked self-propelled howitzer equipped with a 155mm cannon. This armored artillery system highlights Iran's growing self-reliance in defense technology and is set to provide enhanced firepower, mobility, and battlefield survivability for its armed forces.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Iran's latest generation of 155mm tracked self-propelled howitzer RAAD-2M. (Picture source: Wikimedia)

The RAAD-2M is designed as a highly artillery mobile platform, capable of traversing diverse terrains while offering sustained, high-precision indirect fire support. Crewed by five personnel—commander, gunner, driver, and two ammunition loaders—the vehicle prioritizes operational efficiency and crew safety.

The RAAD-2M is based on a Soviet-made T-72 tracked chassis. The driver is located on the left side of the hull with the power pack on its right. The turret is mounted at the rear of the tracked chassis. The entire vehicle, including the hull and turret, is made of all-welded special alloy steel, protecting against the firing of small arms fire and artillery shells. Moreover, the RAAD-2M's multi-fuel engine offers a high power-to-weight ratio, ensuring both speed and stability across various environments.

One of the key features of the RAAD-2M is its automatic laying system, which accelerates the targeting process and improves firing accuracy. The howitzer is equipped with a direct-fire telescope, high-vision optics, and GPS system, making it capable of operating effectively as a standalone unit or in coordination with other military assets. Its automatic fire control system significantly enhances operational efficiency by automating much of the firing process. The vehicle also includes a range of modern safety and support systems, such as NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) protection, air conditioning, and automatic and manual fire extinguishing systems.

Weighing 36,000 kg, the RAAD-2M is designed to carry a substantial ammunition load while maintaining agility. It measures 9.05 m in length, 3.38 m in width, and stands 3.46 m tall up to the machine gun, giving it a low profile for increased protection. The vehicle is powered by a 700 hp diesel engine, offering a power-to-weight ratio of 19.4 hp/ton, which enables it to achieve a top speed of 65 km/h on highways and 30 km/h cross-country. Additionally, it can overcome vertical obstacles of up to 800 mm, cross trenches of 2400 mm, and ford water up to 1.2 m deep.

The RAAD-2M's 155mm gun can fire standard projectiles up to 30,000 meters, with a maximum range of 40,000 meters when using enhanced rocket-assisted projectiles. It features a gun length of 8.4 m, providing high firepower for long-range engagements. The system can fire at a rate of 4 rounds per minute, ensuring sustained fire support during operations. The RAAD-2M is also armed with an auxiliary 12.7mm machine gun mounted on the turret roof for self-defense and close-quarters combat scenarios.

With its layered armor protection, NBC suite, and modern night vision systems, the RAAD-2M offers high levels of crew survivability. The vehicle is designed to be resilient in the face of enemy fire and environmental threats, with additional protection coming from its automatic fire suppression and shock-absorbing suspension system.

The RAAD-2M brings several operational advantages to the battlefield. Its advanced suspension and automatic gun-laying system ensure stability during firing, while the automatic fire control system allows for efficient targeting. Additionally, the vehicle's high mobility, both on highways and across rough terrain, provides flexibility in combat situations. Crew safety is also prioritized with advanced NBC protection, ensuring survivability in environments involving chemical, biological, or radiological threats.

The development of the RAAD-2M is a significant step in Iran's ongoing efforts to modernize its military forces and reduce reliance on foreign technology. This self-propelled howitzer will significantly enhance Iran’s artillery capabilities, offering a versatile and powerful tool for conventional warfare and asymmetrical conflict scenarios. The RAAD-2M's ability to deliver long-range, precise firepower, mobility, and technological sophistication will make it an essential asset for the Iranian military.

In conclusion, the RAAD-2M showcases Iran’s growing proficiency in indigenous military manufacturing. As a domestically produced self-propelled howitzer, it offers the Iranian Army the firepower, mobility, and independence needed to meet modern battlefield challenges while reducing dependency on foreign suppliers.

The Israeli defense company RAFAEL has announced a significant enhancement to its renowned TROPHY Active Protection System (APS), now extending its capabilities to include the neutralization of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This latest upgrade marks a new milestone in the system’s development, ensuring even greater survivability for armored platforms by effectively countering both ground and air threats.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Israeli Army Merkava 4 Main Battle Tank fitted with RAFAEL’s TROPHY Active Protection System, providing advanced defense against both missile and UAV threats (Picture source: Wikimedia)

TROPHY, already a combat-proven system, has demonstrated the ability to neutralize a wide range of modern battlefield threats, including anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs), rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), and now, UAVs. The inclusion of UAVs in the threat portfolio further solidifies TROPHY’s position as a comprehensive defense solution, offering enhanced protection against emerging technologies used in modern warfare.

RAFAEL’s TROPHY APS has long been considered one of the most reliable active protection systems in the world. It has been extensively deployed on over a dozen military platforms globally. It has been operational on Main Battle Tanks (MBTs), Armored Personnel Carriers (APCs), and Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), offering these platforms a critical layer of defense in high-threat environments.

TROPHY uses advanced sensors and radar to detect incoming projectiles and then deploys countermeasures to neutralize them before they can impact the vehicle. With the system now capable of countering UAVs and drones, this provides additional protection against aerial threats, an increasingly common challenge on the modern battlefield where drones are used for reconnaissance, target designation, and direct attacks.

This latest enhancement to the TROPHY APS underscores RAFAEL’s commitment to continuously upgrading its defense solutions to keep pace with evolving threats. The ability to neutralize UAVs ensures that the system is ready to increasingly integrate unmanned systems in conventional and asymmetric warfare. This adaptability has been repeatedly demonstrated in real combat conditions, proving that TROPHY can effectively safeguard both vehicles and their crews in hostile environments.

The system’s combat effectiveness has been proven in numerous operational combat areas, particularly in areas of intense conflict, where armored vehicles are frequently targeted by ATGMs and RPGs. Now, with the integration of aerial defense capabilities, TROPHY offers a multi-layered shield that addresses threats from all directions.

TROPHY is deployed on multiple platforms worldwide, including in the militaries of the United States, Germany, and Israel, among others. The system has been particularly effective in recent Middle Eastern conflicts, where it has successfully intercepted many threats, thereby protecting both armored vehicles and personnel. This new UAV-neutralizing capability will be a game-changer for military forces seeking to defend against a broader array of threats in both symmetric and asymmetric warfare environments.

With these latest enhancements, RAFAEL continues to position TROPHY as one of the most advanced APS technologies available today. This technology addresses the growing complexity of modern combat and ensures that armored platforms are equipped with the most comprehensive protection possible.

The recent upgrades to RAFAEL’s TROPHY Active Protection System provide a critical technological leap in safeguarding armored vehicles from both ground-based and aerial threats, including UAVs. This cutting-edge system offers comprehensive defense and underscores RAFAEL’s leadership in developing next-generation active protection systems. As warfare continues to evolve, the ability to defend against drones and UAVs will become increasingly important, making TROPHY a vital asset for military forces worldwide.

This enhancement cements TROPHY’s status as a key defense solution, ensuring that it remains at the forefront of protecting modern armored platforms in the ever-changing landscape of battlefield threats.

Iran's defense industry continues to develop locally made new air defense systems, such as the AD-120, which are able to intercept different types of aerial threats at a maximum range of 120 km and an altitude of up to 27 km. As regional security dynamics shift, Iran continues to prioritize the development of modern military technologies, and the AD-120 serves as a testament to the nation's growing focus on self-reliance in air defense systems.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The AD-120 surface-to-air missile is launched during a test, showcasing its long-range interception capabilities against modern aerial threats, including aircraft, UAVs, and helicopters. (Picture source: Iranian defense industry)

The AD-120 is a high-range, high-altitude surface-to-air missile system designed to intercept a variety of airborne threats, including advanced tactical and strategic aircraft, UAVs, and helicopters. The system is capable of operating in all weather conditions and is equipped with advanced radar and missile technology to ensure precision targeting and interception of threats.

At the core of the AD-120 air defense system is a comprehensive array of components that enhance its operational effectiveness. The main component of the AD-120 air defense battery consists of up to three TELs (Transporter Erector Launchers), each equipped with four missile launcher containers. It also features a search radar, known as the AD-120 SR, which is designed for long-range target acquisition. This radar plays a crucial role in detecting incoming threats early, providing the system with the necessary data to engage hostile targets. In conjunction with the search radar, the tracker and illuminator radar (AD-120 TIR) operates using a mono-pulse system. This radar allows for precise target tracking and illumination, ensuring accurate missile guidance throughout the engagement process.

The AD-120 sjurface-to-air missile itself is designed for long-range and high-altitude engagements. It has a maximum range of 120 km and a minimum range of 7 km, allowing it to effectively engage targets from close and distant positions. The missile can reach a maximum altitude of 27 km, making it particularly effective against high-flying aircraft and drones. With a diameter of 400 mm, the missile is compact yet powerful, carrying a 90 kg warhead designed for both impact and proximity detonation. The total weight of the missile is 995 kg, ensuring it can deliver substantial firepower.

Regarding guidance, the AD-120 missile utilizes a combination of inertial navigation, updated via data link, along with semi-active and active radar homing capabilities. This sophisticated guidance system ensures that the missile can precisely track and intercept fast-moving, highly maneuverable aerial threats.

In summary, the AD-120 air defense missile system is a major achievement for Iran's defense sector, designed to meet the challenges of modern aerial warfare. Its combination of advanced radar technology, scalable missile launching systems, and powerful, precision-guided missiles makes it a formidable tool for defending against a wide range of aerial threats, enhancing Iran's ability to protect its airspace in the face of evolving regional threats.

Iran's air defense technology has evolved significantly over the past decades, largely driven by a combination of international embargoes, regional security threats, and a strategic focus on self-reliance in military capabilities. The isolation caused by sanctions, particularly since the 1979 Islamic Revolution and the subsequent Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), has played a pivotal role in shaping the country’s approach to defense. Unable to easily import advanced military equipment, Iran has increasingly turned to domestic development, creating a robust local defense industry that now designs and manufactures a wide range of air defense systems.

The AD-120 air defense battery features three key components: up to three TELs with four missile containers each, the AD-120 SR search radar for long-range target detection, and the AD-120 TIR radar for precise tracking and missile guidance. (Picture Iran defense industry)

Before the 1979 revolution, Iran heavily relied on Western, especially American-made, air defense systems. The Shah’s government had acquired a variety of advanced military hardware from the U.S. and European countries, including platforms like the U.S. HAWK MIM-23 air defense systems. However, after the revolution, arms embargoes were imposed on Iran, leading to a cessation of spare parts and technical support for these systems. This sudden cutoff compelled Iran to either cannibalize existing equipment to keep its systems operational or to reverse-engineer imported systems, laying the groundwork for domestic production.

The Iran-Iraq War further accelerated the development of indigenous military capabilities. Faced with a prolonged conflict and the continued pressure of embargoes, Iran began to actively reverse-engineer air defense technologies. This period saw the establishment of key military production facilities and research centers under the Iranian Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics, tasked with developing homegrown solutions for Iran's defense needs.

Iranian engineers initially focused on modifying and upgrading existing foreign systems to extend their operational lifespan. For example, the American HAWK system was reverse-engineered, and Iran introduced an improved version, dubbed the "Mersad" system. This was a critical turning point, as it demonstrated that Iran could produce medium-range air defense systems with upgraded radar and missile technology. Additionally, Iran began producing its own versions of Soviet air defense missile systems, such as the SA-6 and SA-5, further expanding its capabilities.

Over time, Iran transitioned from reverse-engineering and upgrading older systems to developing completely indigenous platforms. One of the most notable achievements was developing the Bavar-373, a long-range surface-to-air missile system that was revealed in 2019. Widely considered Iran’s answer to the Russian S-300 air defense missile system, the Bavar-373 can engage multiple targets at long ranges, including advanced stealth aircraft and ballistic missiles. This system reflects Iran's significant technological advancements in radar, missile guidance, and target acquisition.

Iran has also focused on developing mobile air defense platforms that can be rapidly deployed and provide flexible battlefield coverage. Systems like the Khordad-3, which gained international attention in 2019 when it shot down an American RQ-4 Global Hawk drone, illustrate Iran’s ability to produce highly capable, indigenous air defense solutions. The Khordad-3 employs phased-array radar and domestically produced surface-to-air missiles, underscoring Iran's capacity to defend its airspace against both conventional and stealth threats.

Iran’s air defense development has been closely integrated with its ballistic missile program, partly as a deterrent to adversaries with superior air power. Given the asymmetry in air forces between Iran and regional powers like Israel and Saudi Arabia, or global powers such as the United States, Tehran has focused on developing both defensive and offensive capabilities. While air defense systems like the Bavar-373 are critical for protecting key military and civilian infrastructure, Iran's ballistic missile program provides an offensive deterrent, ensuring that adversaries cannot conduct airstrikes or other forms of aerial aggression without risking retaliation.

International embargoes, particularly those imposed by the United States and the UN Security Council, have shaped every facet of Iran’s military-industrial complex. Deprived of the global defense market, Iran has invested heavily in its domestic research and development (R&D) capabilities. Institutions such as the Defense Industries Organization (DIO) and the Aerospace Industries Organization (AIO) have led the way in creating the necessary infrastructure for missile and radar technologies.

Iran's defense sector has also benefited from collaboration with non-Western nations such as China and Russia. Although the extent of this cooperation is often difficult to assess due to the clandestine nature of military projects, there is evidence that Iran has received technical assistance in areas like radar development, missile guidance, and electronic warfare. However, despite these collaborations, most of the technological advancements in Iran’s air defense capabilities over the past two decades have been driven by indigenous efforts.

Iran’s air defense technology is expected to evolve as the nation further refines its research and production capabilities. With systems like the AD-120, unveiled recently, Iran is showcasing its ability to produce highly mobile, effective air defense platforms capable of engaging a wide variety of aerial threats, including aircraft, UAVs, and helicopters. The AD-120 highlights Iran's growing expertise in missile technology, guidance systems, and radar integration, showcasing a level of sophistication previously dominated by advanced military powers.

In conclusion, the evolution of Iran’s air defense technology is a direct consequence of decades of sanctions and military isolation. While initially forced to rely on imported systems, Iran has, over time, transformed itself into a self-sufficient producer of advanced air defense systems. As regional tensions persist, Iran's growing expertise in this field will remain a crucial factor in its ability to protect its airspace and assert its influence in the region. The continuous development of systems like the AD-120 and Bavar-373 marks Iran as a key player in the Middle East's evolving defense landscape.

American Defense Company General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems (GA-EMS) has developed the Long-Range Maneuvering Projectile (LRMP), a cutting-edge artillery round designed to improve long-range precision strikes dramatically. Capable of reaching ranges over 120 kilometers, the LRMP doubles or even triples the reach of conventional 155mm artillery rounds. This advanced projectile is specifically engineered to engage both static and moving targets, even in GPS-denied environments, positioning it as a critical asset for future battlefield scenarios.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

At AUSA 2024, a defense exhibition and conference in Washington D.C., General Atomics showcased its Long-Range Maneuvering Projectile (LRMP), highlighting its groundbreaking 120 km range and precision targeting capabilities for both land and naval applications. (Picture source: Army Recognition Group)

The LRMP's innovative design features a unique Reuleaux triangle shape, which enhances lift and control and allows for extended gliding. Upon launch, the projectile reaches an altitude of 12 to 14 kilometers (40,000 to 45,000 feet), where it deploys foldable wings to maximize maneuverability. These capabilities enable the LRMP to perform complex "endgame" maneuvers, increasing its likelihood of hitting evasive or obscured targets​.

Beyond its physical design, the LRMP incorporates an advanced guidance system that functions independently of GPS. The projectile can visually track and adjust its flight path in real time using onboard cameras and machine learning. This system draws on General Atomics' expertise in hypersonics and drone technology, ensuring precision and adaptability in various combat environments​.

Thanks to its modular payload design, the LRMP is highly adaptable for different mission types, including kinetic strikes and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations. While General Atomics is currently focused on completing the 155mm variant for the U.S. Army and Marine Corps by the end of 2025, the company is also developing a 127mm naval version for the U.S. Navy, which will offer a reduced range of 75 kilometers for maritime operations​.

General Atomics has entirely self-funded the development of the LRMP, accelerating the project to meet the rising demand for long-range precision capabilities, particularly in light of lessons learned from recent conflicts. The company aims to begin production by 2025, delivering a crucial tool for future military engagements​.

Compared to conventional ammunition, the LRMP offers several groundbreaking advantages: extended range, greater precision, and enhanced maneuverability. Its ability to engage moving targets, operate in GPS-denied environments, and support ISR missions makes it a versatile solution for modern warfare. Furthermore, its compatibility with existing artillery systems and cost-effective design—requiring no auxiliary propulsion—set it apart from traditional munitions. As General Atomics moves closer to production, the LRMP is poised to redefine the standards for artillery technology, giving military forces a decisive edge on the battlefield​.

The French-German company KNDS is now ready to supply military forces with the CENTURIO, a new range of latest generation of UGVs (Unmanned Ground Vehicles) robots designed to meet several key needs of modern armies. This innovative range includes a combat robot version equipped with a powerful 30m automatic cannon, offering significant firepower and remote-operated precision, making it a game-changer for battlefield operations.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

CENTURIO Combat Robot with ARX 30 Turret: The CENTURIO X20 is equipped with the ARX 30 turret, a remotely operated weapon system featuring a 30mm automatic cannon. (Picture source: KNDS)

In addition to this combat version, the CENTURIO series also features an explosive ordnance reconnaissance variant, which is specifically designed for handling improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other dangerous materials. Finally, the range includes a specialized CBRN detection version, equipped with advanced sensors to detect chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats, providing crucial protection in unconventional warfare scenarios.

One of the standout innovations in the CENTURIO UGVs (Unmanned Ground Vehicles) range is the combat robot variant, equipped with the powerful 30mm ARX30 weapon system. This robotic unit is designed to engage in frontline combat, offering both offensive firepower and defensive capabilities. The ARX30, known for its precision and reliability, can effectively neutralize a wide range of targets, from armored vehicles to fortified positions. This variant is expected to play a critical role in enhancing battlefield lethality while reducing risks to human soldiers.

The ARX30 is a versatile remotely operated weapon system, typically mounted on unmanned or armored vehicles. It is armed with a 30mm automatic cannon, designed to engage a wide range of targets, including light armored vehicles, infantry positions, and even low-flying drones. The cannon has a high level of accuracy due to its gyro-stabilized platform, ensuring precision even in rough terrains. The weapon is controlled remotely, providing the operator with safety while delivering powerful fire support to ground units.

The ARX30 uses 30mm NATO-standard ammunition, capable of firing different types of munitions such as high-explosive incendiary (HEI), armor-piercing rounds, and airburst ammunition. This versatility makes it effective against a variety of targets. The system is belt-fed, allowing for continuous fire with a firing range exceeding 2 kilometers for most targets, depending on the type of ammunition used. This range, combined with its advanced targeting and firing capabilities, makes the ARX30 a formidable tool for modern combat situations.

In terms of technical specifications, the CENTURIO armed with the ARX30 has the following dimensions: it is 1.9 meters wide, 1.2 meters high (without its arm), and 3.5 meters long, weighing 2.8 tons. Powered by a 60kW diesel engine, it uses 4WD and 4WS hydraulic propulsion, allowing it to reach speeds of up to 40 km/h. It is designed to handle slopes up to 60% and spills of 40%, making it highly versatile in various terrains.

The CENTURIO UGV has an advanced 360-degree camera system that supports both night and day vision. There is also an option to include 3D LIDAR, further enhancing its situational awareness in complex environments. Additional features include autonomous waypoint navigation, leader-follower capabilities, obstacle avoidance, and an autonomous back-on-track feature. The vehicle also operates with a secure fire radio link, with a line-of-sight range of over 5 kilometers, ensuring reliable communication in operational conditions.

The CENTURIO explosive ordnance reconnaissance version is designed for counter-IED (C-IED) operations and is a robust, remotely operated robotic platform. (Picture source Army Recognition Group)

The CENTURIO explosive ordnance reconnaissance (EOD) version is specially designed to approach and assess potentially hazardous areas, identifying and handling unexploded ordnance (UXO) and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Its advanced sensor suite and autonomous navigation capabilities allow it to perform critical missions in environments too dangerous for human personnel, ensuring the safety of troops and civilians in conflict zones.

The CENTURIO EOD designed for counter-IED (C-IED) operations, is a robust, remotely operated robotic platform. It is equipped with various interchangeable tools to dig into the soil, identify, and manipulate explosive devices, such as IEDs, thereby protecting soldiers from these threats and speeding up military operations. The Pioneer is operated remotely via secure radio links, with an option for fiber optic control in jammed environments. Autonomous capabilities are included to reduce the cognitive load on operators and enhance mission efficiency.

In terms of technical features, the CENTURIO EOD is 1.9 meters wide, 1.2 meters high (without the arm), and 3.5 meters long, weighing 2.8 tons. It is powered by a 60kW diesel engine (using J8 jet fuel), with 4WD and 4WS hydraulic propulsion allowing it to reach speeds of up to 40 km/h and handle slopes up to 60%. The vehicle is equipped with a 360-degree camera system, night and day vision, and an optional 3D LIDAR for enhanced navigation. Its hydraulic arm has four degrees of freedom, a 3-meter manipulation range, and a 100 kg lifting capability, making it versatile for various explosive ordnance tasks.

Rounding out the CENTURIO lineup is the CBRN detection robot. This unit is equipped with state-of-the-art sensors capable of detecting chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats. In the face of increasing global concerns about the use of unconventional warfare tactics, this robot is designed to provide real-time threat detection and analysis, helping military units respond quickly and effectively to hazardous situations. Its deployment can prevent widespread contamination and ensure thesafety of personnel in high-risk environments.

The introduction of the CENTURIO range by KNDS marks a pivotal step in military robotics, providing an integrated suite of robotic solutions capable of addressing the diverse challenges faced by modern armies. The adaptability of the CENTURIO robots, coupled with their cutting-edge technology, allows for enhanced mission effectiveness and reduced human exposure to dangerous situations.

The Dutch Army has recently introduced the most advanced version of the Swedish-made BAE Systems CV90 tracked armored Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV), a key asset in its mechanized infantry units since 2009. This upgraded model is based on the CV9035 variant, which has been central to the Army's operations for over a decade, and the improvements are designed to keep the vehicle effective for years to come.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The modernized variant of CV9035 for the Dutch Army.  (Picture source: Netherlands MoD)

The standard CV9035 in service with the Dutch Army is a tracked Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) designed to enhance mechanized infantry units' mobility, protection, and firepower. The vehicle is fitted with a two-man turret armed with a 35mm Bushmaster III automatic cannon, it offers substantial firepower for engaging both armored and soft targets. Its design also includes a co-axial FN MAG machine gun and advanced optics for improved target acquisition and accuracy in various conditions. The vehicle can transport a full squad of infantry while providing them with protection from small arms fire, artillery fragments, and certain anti-tank threats.

Since entering service in 2009, the CV9035 has become the backbone of the Dutch Army's mechanized forces. It offers superior mobility with its tracked chassis, allowing it to operate effectively in various terrains. The CV9035 is also fitted with advanced armor and defensive systems to ensure crew safety in high-threat environments, making it a reliable asset in both defensive and offensive operations.

In October 2022, BAE Systems revealed the first of these modernized CV90s at its Hägglunds facility in Sweden. This unveiling followed a $500 million (€460 million) contract awarded in January 2021 for modernizing 122 vehicles, with an option for an additional 19. The upgrade ensures these vehicles will remain in service until at least 2039. The first batch of the updated IFVs has already been delivered to the Dutch Army this year, marking a significant milestone in the Army's modernization efforts.

The updated CV9035NL boasts several new features that enhance its overall capability. Key modifications have been made to the vehicle's turret, where the 35mm Bushmaster III cannon has been repositioned to create more space and improve ammunition handling. Additionally, the FN MAG machine gun has been relocated from inside the turret to an external pod, reducing the amount of gun gases entering the vehicle and improving conditions for the crew.

The upgraded model also includes several new subsystems, starting with an integrated missile launcher capable of carrying and firing two Israeli-made Spike anti-tank guided missiles. Another major addition is the Elbit Iron Fist Light Decoupled Active Protection System, which can intercept anti-tank rockets (ATR) and anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM). The Dutch CV9035NL is the first operational vehicle within NATO to feature this advanced protection system.

Other enhancements include the installation of an Electronic Optical Panoramic Sight (EOPS) for the vehicle commander, which offers stabilized, long-range imaging with both day and thermal cameras, as well as a laser rangefinder. The system is mounted on a movable mast that can be extended by half a meter and provides a full 360-degree view of the vehicle's surroundings.

The chassis and the vehicle’s IT network have also been upgraded, which is now more secure and capable of future updates. Improved information delivery has greatly enhanced the crew’s situational awareness. All of the vehicle’s external cameras have been replaced, and the driver now has access to a new camera system.

Overall, these upgrades not only improve the CV90’s protection and firepower but also extend its effective operational range and greatly enhance the crew’s situational awareness, making it a formidable and more reliable platform for the Dutch Army well into the future.

Key Features of the Modernized Dutch CV9035NL: Enhanced turret design with a repositioned 35mm Bushmaster cannon, external FN MAG machine gun, integrated Spike missile launcher, advanced Iron Fist Active Protection System, Electronic Optical Panoramic Sight (EOPS), upgraded IT network, and improved crew situational awareness for superior battlefield performance. (Picture source Netherlands MoD)

Russia has recently unveiled the BREM-80U, a new armored recovery vehicle based on the tracked chassis of the T-80U main battle tank, specifically designed to address the emerging threats on the Ukrainian battlefield. This vehicle represents a significant enhancement in battlefield support capabilities, combining robust recovery functions with advanced protective measures. Notably, the BREM-80U is fitted with new armor and "Cope Cage" armor, metal netting designed to increase protection against aerial drone attacks, reflecting the growing importance of drone warfare in the Ukrainian conflict.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The new BREM-80U armored recovery tank is unveiled at Army-2024 defense exhibition that takes place in the Moscow Region from 12 to 14 August 2024. (Picture source: Russian Social Network)

Unlike many other Russian tanks, the T-80U is distinguished by its gas turbine engine, which provides superior acceleration and mobility, especially in cold environments—a feature that sets it apart from other Russian main battle tanks, which typically rely on diesel engines.

The BREM-80U's additional passive armor and Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA) provide enhanced protection against a variety of threats, including anti-tank weapons and high-explosive ordnance. The ERA bricks are strategically placed on the front of the hull to defend against direct frontal assaults. The vehicle's "Cope Cage" armor further enhances its defenses by preventing drones from directly impacting the turret, potentially neutralizing their explosives before they can cause significant damage.

Additionally, the BREM-80U is equipped with an electronic warfare (EW) counter-drone system integrated into the top armor cage. This system can jam drone communications, making it an effective tool against the increasing use of drones in reconnaissance and attack roles.

Designed to provide critical support to main battle tanks on the battlefield, the BREM-80U ensures that damaged or immobilized tanks can be quickly repaired or recovered, even under fire. It features a large dozer blade at the front of the hull for clearing obstacles or digging defensive positions, as well as a powerful crane mounted on the left side of the top hull, capable of lifting and moving heavy components such as tank turrets or engines, essential for field repairs.

The introduction of the BREM-80U reflects Russia's ongoing efforts to modernize its military hardware and adapt to the evolving nature of warfare. The vehicle's advanced armor, coupled with its electronic warfare capabilities, positions it as a formidable asset on the battlefield. It can operate in high-threat environments while providing crucial support to frontline armored units.

Military analysts and defense experts are likely to closely monitor this development, as it represents a significant enhancement of Russia's armored recovery and battlefield support capabilities. The BREM-80U's debut may also prompt other nations to reevaluate their recovery vehicle designs in response to the growing prevalence of drone threats and the need for more robust protection measures.

The Army Recognition editorial team presents an exclusive technical review of the Pantsir-SM, the latest generation in Russia's renowned Pantsir family of air defense systems. Known as the Pantsir-S1M, this cutting-edge system is a significant technological leap forward, enhancing both capability and operational performance. Designed to meet the demands of modern warfare, the Pantsir-SM excels in countering contemporary aerial threats, including stealth aircraft, drones, and high-speed missiles. 
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The Pantsir-SM was unveiled for the first time to the public during a defense exhibition in Moscow, in August 2019.  (Picture source: Army Recognition Group)

This advanced air defense solution builds upon the success of its predecessor, the Pantsir-S1, offering enhanced range, accuracy, and resistance to electronic warfare. Join us as we explore the sophisticated engineering and strategic advantages that make the Pantsir-SM a formidable player in global air defense.

The Pantsir-SM, also known as the Pantsir-S1M, is an advanced air defense system developed by Russia, building upon the capabilities of its predecessor, the Pantsir-S1. This modernized system represents a significant leap forward in terms of technology and operational performance, tailored to address contemporary aerial threats such as stealth aircraft, drones, and high-speed missiles.

One of the key enhancements of the Pantsir-SM is its upgraded missile system, which dramatically extends its engagement range and altitude capabilities. The Pantsir-SM can engage targets at a range of 1,200 to 40,000 meters (1.2 to 40 kilometers) and at altitudes ranging from 15 to 18,000 meters (15 to 18 kilometers). This is a significant improvement over the Pantsir-S1, which could only engage targets at a range of 1,200 to 20,000 meters (1.2 to 20 kilometers) and at altitudes of 15 to 15,000 meters (15 to 15 kilometers). This enhanced range allows the Pantsir-SM to effectively counter a broader spectrum of aerial threats and provides greater flexibility in protecting key infrastructure and assets.

In addition to missile capabilities, the Pantsir-SM retains its dual 30mm automatic anti-aircraft guns, providing effective close-range defense. These guns have an engagement range of 200 to 4,000 meters (0.2 to 4 kilometers) and can target threats at altitudes between 0 and 3,000 meters (0 to 3 kilometers). This armament is particularly useful for countering low-altitude threats that penetrate the missile defense envelope.

Another remarkable feature of the Pantsir-SM is its enhanced radar system. Equipped with a new SOTS S-band radar, the Pantsir-SM boasts a detection range of up to 75 kilometers (46.6 miles), significantly improving its ability to detect and track targets compared to the 40-kilometer (24.8 miles) range of the Pantsir-S1. The improved radar capabilities enable the system to detect stealthier and low-observable targets, making it more effective against modern threats.

The Pantsir-SM can simultaneously engage up to four targets, and it is designed to counter targets with speeds up to 1,000 meters per second. This allows the system to handle multiple incoming threats, increasing its effectiveness in high-intensity conflict scenarios. Furthermore, the system is mounted on a KAMAZ-53958 Typhoon 8x8 chassis, providing superior mobility and terrain adaptability compared to the previous KAMAZ-6560 chassis used in the Pantsir-S1. This mobility is crucial for rapid deployment and repositioning, enhancing the system's operational flexibility.

In terms of technological advancements, the Pantsir-SM incorporates sophisticated algorithms for target prioritization and engagement, allowing it to effectively distinguish and allocate resources against various threat types. Its enhanced automation in target acquisition and engagement reduces response time and increases interception success rates. Additionally, the Pantsir-SM is designed to resist electronic jamming and other forms of electronic warfare, ensuring reliable performance in contested environments.

Strategically, the Pantsir-SM plays a vital role in Russia's layered air defense strategy, complementing longer-range systems like the S-400 to create a robust defense network. Its capabilities are particularly suited for protecting critical infrastructure, such as military bases and command centers, from diverse aerial threats. Moreover, the system has potential export value, making it an attractive option for countries seeking advanced air defense solutions.

The Pantsir-SM represents a significant advancement in air defense technology, offering enhanced capabilities to counter modern aerial threats effectively. Its introduction marks a critical step forward in enhancing air defense capabilities and maintaining strategic deterrence in the evolving landscape of contemporary warfare.

A combat simulation conducted by KNDS Germany reveals the potential of the future German Army RCH 155 wheeled howitzer in the context of anti-tank defense. According to KNDS, the simulation shows some surprising effects of the RCH 155 155mm wheeled self-propelled howitzer- which can conduct fire combat while moving - even in comparison with the most modern artillery systems such as the tracked howitzer PzH 2000: The wheeled howitzer could not only attack more targets, it also had a 50 percent lower failure rate due to enemy action.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

The results from the KNDS simulation highlight several key advantages of the RCH 155 wheeled howitzer over the conventional PzH 2000 tracked howitzer.  (Picture source: KNDS Germany)

The basic idea behind the combat simulation is based on the idea that in the future, enemy tanks should be struck when these enemy forces themselves are not yet in a position to take effect. In order for this to succeed, both the ability to keep a distance and sufficient precision are required. In this context, a successful strike against the enemy would describe a situation in which the enemy has lost at least 70 percent of its forces, which, according to Westerman's statements, can only be achieved in a direct combat unit against combat unit based on current knowledge. However, the simulation showed that this is also possible through indirect fire.

Both artillery batteries were equipped with a typical combat load - as is also common in the German army. The howitzers therefore also had a certain contingent of SMArt ammunition (search-fuzed artillery ammunition). While the first battery was tasked with fighting in depth (e.g. holding down advancing forces, fighting enemy artillery), the second battery was to devote itself exclusively to fighting mechanized forces using precise indirect fire. The targets were reconnaissance using a large number of inexpensive micro-drones.

As a variation, the second battery was equipped with RCH 155 wheeled howitzers in one run and with PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzers in another run. There were also variations in the use of the RCH 155. On the one hand, the RCH 155 was used in one of the simulation runs in the classic "shoot & scoot" manner, just like the PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer. In this procedure, the RCH 155 had to stop for the duration of the firefight and conduct it from a standing position. Furthermore, one of the variations envisaged that the RCH would conduct mobile firefight, where the wheeled howitzer itself did not remain stationary for the duration of the firefight. The ability to fire while moving is unique in the world and was derived by the KNDS engineers from the functioning of stabilization systems such as those used in main battle tanks and infantry fighting vehicles. A computer constantly calculates the current position of the vehicle and the gun. If the barrel direction deviates from the calculated target point, the gun is adjusted. The computer only fires the shot when the gun is aimed exactly at the target.

The results were remarkable, as von Westerman explained in an interview with hartpunkt. According to him, the RCH 155 was able to "fire so much and so early that dramatic effects occurred from the enemy's perspective." While the classic "shoot & scoot" runs resulted in losses of around ten wheeled howitzers and self-propelled howitzers and around 31 enemy combat vehicles were eliminated, an average of 35 enemy systems were destroyed in the "mobile" operation, with only 5.6 RCH 155s failing.

In this context, the KNDS manager pointed out that the simulation in the "mobile" variant was over after just 40 minutes because all of the wheeled howitzers had used up their entire ammunition supply. In a simulation variant in which the entire combat load consisted of SMArt ammunition, 250 percent more kills were achieved in mobile operations, compared to just 30 percent in classic operations.

In addition, other parameters were experimented with and their effects on the result were investigated. For example, an increased sensor range of the drones increased the effectiveness of the RCH 155 by around 10 percent. An increased guidance range of the SMArt ammunition also increased the effectiveness of the mobile wheeled howitzer by around 10 to 20 percent.

The results from the KNDS simulation highlight several key advantages of the RCH 155 wheeled howitzer over the conventional PzH 2000 tracked howitzer. One of the most significant capabilities of the RCH 155 is its ability to fire while moving, a feature derived from advanced stabilization systems. This capability not only enhances the survivability of the artillery unit by reducing its exposure time to enemy counterfire but also allows for continuous repositioning, complicating enemy targeting efforts.

In terms of effectiveness, the RCH 155's ability to engage more targets and achieve higher kill ratios with lower failure rates showcases its superior combat performance. The wheeled howitzer's performance in the "mobile" mode was particularly noteworthy, achieving an average destruction of 35 enemy systems compared to 31 in the "shoot & scoot" mode, with significantly fewer losses of its own units.

Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that the integration of advanced munitions like SMArt, along with improved drone reconnaissance capabilities, substantially boosts the RCH 155's effectiveness. The dramatic increase in kill rates during mobile operations when using SMArt ammunition underscores the importance of precision-guided munitions in modern artillery warfare.

In conclusion, the RCH 155 wheeled howitzer demonstrates considerable advancements in mobility, precision, and survivability compared to traditional tracked systems like the PzH 2000. Its ability to conduct effective fire missions while on the move, combined with its reduced vulnerability to enemy actions, positions it as a formidable asset in modern and future combat scenarios. The enhancements in sensor and guidance technologies further amplify its potential, making it a pivotal component of the German Army's artillery capabilities.

Getac, a producer of Rugged Computing Solutions, launches the next generation F110 and K120 tablets, which combine fully rugged reliability with a host of powerful new upgrades for exceptional performance and efficiency in the field.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Getac produces Rugged Computing Solutions especially designed for military and security applications. (Picture source: GETAC)

The next generation F110 builds on its award-winning predecessor, delivering even better performance, reliability, and energy efficiency in the field. Designed for professionals in sectors such as defense, utilities, manufacturing, and oil & gas, these new fully rugged devices provide digital solutions that can be relied on in a wide range of operating environments. Key features include an upgraded Intel® Core™ 13th Gen i5/i7 processor, ultra-bright 1,200 nit screen, Wi-Fi 6E AX211 technology, and an optional 4G or 5G Sub-6 module utilizing eSIM technology.

Getac’s flagship F110 model has long been at the forefront of rugged tablet design, making it incredibly popular with customers across multiple sectors and industries. The new F110 builds on this legacy, offering upgraded processing power, brightness, and connectivity, alongside excellent energy efficiency, for full-shift performance in a variety of challenging indoor/outdoor working environments.

Powerful and Versatile

Key features of the 11.6-inch F110 tablet include an upgraded Intel® Core™ 13th Gen i5/i7 processor, with Intel® UHD Graphics offering new levels of processing speed and graphical performance. The 12.5-inch K120 features a powerful Intel® i5/i7® processor with integrated Iris® Xe graphics. Both devices offer an ultra-bright 1,200 nit LumiBond screen with multitouch modes (touch, glove, pen, and optional digitizer) for optimized productivity in weather conditions ranging from full sun to rain and snow.

For maximum mobility and productivity, the F110 and the K120 can be used with a wide range of Getac accessories, including a detachable keyboard, hard carry handle, and secure vehicle docks.

Outstanding Connectivity Options

Fast and reliable remote communication is critical in field operations in industries such as defense and oil & gas production/exploration. The next-generation F110 and K120 offer a wide array of outstanding connectivity options as standard, including Intel® Wi-Fi 6E AX211, 802.11ax, and Bluetooth 5.3. Connectivity can be further enhanced with optional 4G LTE and 5G Sub-6 modules (dual sim design including a physical sim and an e-sim), while a 5MP webcam provides clear and detailed pictures during video calls and remote guidance activities.

The inclusion of two Thunderbolt™ 4 Type-C ports for the K120 tablet and a Dual SIM card slot (Micro-SIM, 3FF, and e-SIM) as standard expands end-to-end capabilities. A user removable SSD provides a safe and flexible way to manage data on the go.

Enhanced Energy Efficiency and Field Reliability

Field professionals in industries like utilities and manufacturing need digital devices they can rely on for the full duration of shifts, even when access to power points or recharge facilities is limited. The next generation F110 features DDR5 memory (up to 32GB), which offers higher base speeds and lower power consumption than previous generations, making it ideal for full-shift operation. Its user-friendly hot-swappable batteries can also be easily replaced in the field if needed. If even more operation time is required between charges, the F110 is compatible with Getac’s optional high-capacity Li-ion batteries as well.

Both devices, the F110 and the K120, boast rugged reliability. MIL-STD-810H, IP66 certification, and a 6ft operating drop rating make them ideally suited to operations in challenging work environments where the risk of accidental knocks, drops, and spillages is much greater.

“As more rugged industries embrace digital transformation, a growing number of organizations need devices they can use to replace traditional pen and paper processes in the field, on the factory floor, at remote facilities, and everywhere in-between,” says James Hwang, President of Getac Technology Corporation. “The next generation F110 and K120 fully rugged tablets boast new features and enhancements that help field professionals get the job done at first time of asking, even when faced with adverse conditions and locations.”

In May 2024, the British Ministry of Defense successfully conducted firing tests in Germany, highlighting the exceptional long-range capabilities of the new Challenger 3 Main Battle Tank (MBT). Central to these tests was the tank's cutting-edge Rheinmetall 120mm L55A1 high-pressure gun, paired with the latest 120mm DM73 ammunition, enabling a range of engagement of up to 5,000 meters.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

In May 2024, the British Ministry of Defense conducted its first firing tests in Germany with the new Challenger 3 Main Battle tank. (Picture source: British MoD)

The advanced Rheinmetall 120mm L55A1 gun, a key feature of the Challenger 3 tank, allows the tank to achieve unprecedented precision at extended ranges. This remarkable capability to hit targets up to 5,000 meters away is made possible by integrating the high-pressure gun and the state-of-the-art DM73 ammunition. These innovations ensure superior performance and accuracy, significantly enhancing the tank's combat effectiveness.

The Challenger 3 is an advanced main battle tank developed by the United Kingdom, designed to replace the Challenger 2. Its main armament represents a significant upgrade over its predecessor, incorporating the latest technology to enhance its firepower, accuracy, and effectiveness in modern combat scenarios.

At the heart of the Challenger 3's main armament is the Rheinmetall L55A1 120mm smoothbore gun. This gun is a notable improvement over the rifled gun used in the Challenger 2, marking a shift to smoothbore technology which is more compatible with modern NATO ammunition standards. The L55A1 is an extended version of the earlier L44 gun, featuring a barrel length of 55 calibers (approximately 6.6 meters). This longer barrel enhances the muzzle velocity of projectiles, contributing to greater accuracy and penetrating power.

The Challenger 3's L55A1 gun can fire a wide range of advanced ammunition types, including the latest armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds, high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds, and programmable airburst munitions. The use of programmable ammunition allows the tank to engage a variety of targets effectively, from heavily armored vehicles to infantry and fortifications.

In addition to the primary smoothbore gun, the Challenger 3's fire control system has been significantly upgraded. It features advanced targeting and stabilization systems, ensuring that the main gun can be fired accurately even while the tank is moving over rough terrain. Integrating modern sensors and computerized fire control enables rapid target acquisition and precise engagement.

The new British Army Challenger 3 tank is armed with a Rheinmetall L55A1 120mm smoothbore gun able to fire a wide range of ammunition, including the DM73 ammunition, which has an engagement range of up to 5,000m. (Picture source British MoD)

The 120mm L55A1 high-pressure gun, based on the L55 model, is acclaimed as the most advanced smoothbore gun in the world. Since its introduction in 2019, it has set a new standard by delivering unmatched pressure levels for high-performance ammunition. When coupled with the innovative DM73 ammunition, this gun significantly boosts the firepower and lethality of any main battle tank (MBT). It is fully compatible with existing systems on the Leopard 2 and other MBTs, allowing for seamless integration as an upgrade. Additionally, the gun can be equipped with a programming kit necessary for the three-mode programmable high-explosive round, the DM11, as an optional feature.

The DM73 ammunition marks the next generation of kinetic energy (KE) rounds, featuring an enhanced propulsion unit that maximizes the high-pressure capabilities of the L55A1 gun. This advancement enables a higher muzzle velocity compared to the DM63A1 when fired from an L55 weapon, thereby extending the effective engagement range against contemporary MBT threats. The propulsion unit utilizes the world's first and only propellant powder based on SCDB technology®, which ensures superior muzzle velocity and combat distance across the entire temperature range. Furthermore, the new combustible cartridge case technology, which includes fabric reinforcement, prevents the loss of propellant powder in case the cartridge is damaged.

It is important to note that the DM73 ammunition is specifically designed for use with the L55A1 gun. Technical specifications for the 120mm x 570 DM73 include a muzzle velocity of 1780 meters per second when used with the L55A1 gun, an accuracy of less than 0.2 mils, a cartridge weight of approximately 21 kilograms, and operational capabilities within the temperature range of –46°C to +63°C, with safety limits extending to +71°C. The DM73 also boasts an engagement range of up to 5,000 meters, making it a formidable addition to modern armored warfare.

In conclusion, the new Challenger 3, equipped with the 120mm L55A1 high-pressure gun and DM73 ammunition, boasts an impressive maximum engagement range of 5,000 meters. This positions the Challenger 3 at the forefront of modern armored warfare in terms of range capabilities.

Comparatively, the M1A2 Abrams, one of the most advanced tanks in the U.S. arsenal, typically has an effective engagement range of about 4,000 meters with its M256 120mm smoothbore gun. This places the Challenger 3 ahead in terms of range by approximately 1,000 meters.

Similarly, the Russian T-90M, equipped with a 125mm 2A46M smoothbore gun, has an effective engagement range of around 4,000 meters. Again, the Challenger 3 outperforms the T-90 by an additional 1,000 meters, highlighting its superior long-range combat capabilities.

Other modern main battle tanks, such as the German Leopard 2A7 and the French Leclerc, also have effective ranges near 4,000 meters. The Challenger 3's extended range enhances its lethality and provides a strategic advantage in battlefield engagements by allowing it to strike targets from a greater distance while remaining outside the effective range of many adversaries.

The new Challenger 3's maximum engagement range of 5,000 meters significantly surpasses that of other leading main battle tanks, including the M1A2 Abrams, Russian T-90, German Leopard 2A7, and French Leclerc, thereby establishing a new benchmark in armored warfare.

A new image circulating on Russian social media has revealed a significant upgrade to the Russian T-90M Main Battle Tank (MBT), a mainstay of the Russian Armed Forces. The updated version boasts advanced anti-drone measures, highlighting Russia's ongoing efforts to adapt to emerging threats on the Ukrainian battlefield.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

A picture was released on Russian Social Media showing the Russian army's upgraded T-90M main battle tank fitted with new anti-drone armor and counter UAVs system. (Picture source: Social Media)

The photograph shows a Russian Army T-90M Main Battle Tank (MBT) equipped with an anti-drone visor and additional protective measures mounted around the turret and the rear of the hull. These enhancements are designed to counter the growing threat of FPV (first-person view) drones and loitering munitions, which have become increasingly prevalent in the conflict.

Military analysts note that this upgrade is a direct response to the evolving tactics employed in Ukraine, where the use of drones has significantly altered the dynamics of ground warfare. By bolstering the T-90M's defenses, Russia aims to improve the survivability of its armored units and maintain its operational effectiveness.

The T-90M is the latest generation of main battle tank in service with the Russian Armed Forces, representing a significant evolution from its predecessors in terms of combat capabilities and technological sophistication. Developed as an upgrade to the T-90 series, the T-90M integrates advanced features that enhance its performance on the modern battlefield. It is equipped with a new 125mm 2A82-1M smoothbore gun, which offers improved firing accuracy and the capability to launch anti-tank guided missiles. The tank also boasts an upgraded fire control system and enhanced targeting capabilities, allowing it to engage targets more precisely and effectively.

In addition to its formidable armament, the T-90M features improved protection systems designed to withstand contemporary threats. It is equipped with Relikt explosive reactive armor (ERA), which provides superior defense against both kinetic and chemical energy projectiles. The tank can also be equipped with an active protection system (APS), which can detect and neutralize incoming anti-tank missiles and projectiles. These defensive measures are complemented by integrating advanced electronics and battlefield management systems, enhancing situational awareness and communication capabilities. With these enhancements, the T-90M stands as a cutting-edge platform in modern armored warfare, reflecting Russia's commitment to maintaining a technologically advanced and capable military force.

The T-90M, already known for its robust design and advanced technology, now features a more comprehensive suite of protective measures. The anti-drone visor likely disrupts or destroys incoming drone threats, while the additional armor around critical areas such as the turret and hull rear enhances the tank's resilience against precision attacks.

This development underscores Russia's commitment to modernizing its military hardware in response to new battlefield realities. As the conflict in Ukraine continues, innovations such as these will play a crucial role in shaping the future of armored warfare.

Experts suggest that the upgraded T-90M could set a precedent for other nations facing similar threats, potentially influencing global military strategies and defense spending priorities. For now, the focus remains on the immediate impact these enhancements will have on the ongoing conflict and the broader implications for regional security.

The release of the image and the subsequent discussion it has sparked within military circles indicate that Russia is not only aware of the challenges posed by modern warfare but is actively seeking solutions to maintain its strategic edge.

As the situation in Ukraine evolves, the world will be watching closely to see how these technological advancements are implemented on the battlefield and what countermeasures might be developed in response.

A Russian soldier shot down a Ukrainian drone at long distance with a 12-gauge shotgun, a lucky success born out of desperation. This unusual wartime event highlights the importance of anti-drone warfare, which is becoming a significant battlefield issue today. However, before anti-drone warfare became more standardized, there were some rather haphazard attempts.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Russian soldier shots down a Ukrainian UAV -full video at the end of article  (Picture source: Telegram channel )

Classic drone control

Conventional drone control can be divided into two main categories: passive and active. Passive drone control uses non-offensive elements such as cope cages, anti-drone grids and nets.

Cope cages, made up of fine-mesh mesh, are really geared to anti-drone bomber combat. As is the use of militarized civilian drones in the Ukraine conflict. The Ukrainians use small civilian drones to launch grenades or larger explosives.

The Russians have invented an evolution to these cages: for several weeks now, tanks equipped with mine-clearing devices have been reinforced with a structure made of töle, wire mesh or metal parts covering the entire tank. These tanks have been dubbed turtle tanks. However, although initially effective to some extent, the psychological aspect of using such a structure on the front lines.

Camouflage nets, on the other hand, play on the visual aspect of the vehicle or the position to be concealed, but do not really offer protection against the effect of drones. However, these passive solutions are often disposable, as their use implies their destruction.

Ukrainian Brigade presented an upgraded version of M1A1 Abrams  (Picture source: 47th mech brigade )

active counter-measure 

Jammers

Jammers are the most commonly used method during conflicts, in the form of anti-drone rifles or electronic jammers. Jammers, which can be GPS or radio frequency, are effective tools against drones. Their purpose is to cut the link between the drone and its pilot, typically causing the drone to fall. Although initially less effective, this method has proven more effective with technological advancements, despite existing countermeasures like loitering munitions equipped with AI. However, the limitation of this system is its cost, making it less widespread.

Laser Weapons

Laser weapons are even more expensive but very promising. These systems are starting to be deployed, with many armament programs funding these technologies. The General Directorate of Armament (DGA) has launched a new project for the acquisition of a deployable modular anti-drone protection system (PARADE). The program involves an investment of €350 million over 11 years (including €70 million for the 2022-2025 period). This comprehensive system aims to provide permanent protection for military or civilian sites in France or in external theaters of operations. It must include an evolving C2 system, a radar, a goniometer, an optronic system, and a jamming system. The system must ensure automatic detection, characterization, identification, and neutralization of drones, day or night, and in all weather conditions, against drones emitting or not emitting electromagnetic waves. In the PARADE system, the laser will serve as a neutralization element in extreme urgency. For this purpose, the French SME CILAS has developed the HELMA-P system. The laser is mounted on a fixed or mobile turret (naval or land vehicle). It consists of a box mounted on a tripod containing a drone detection system, a tracking system, and a 2-kilowatt laser capable of neutralizing a drone within seconds up to one kilometer away. The laser burns or blinds the drone, preventing it from navigating. Highly precise and effective, it can detect small drones (less than 100 kg) up to 3 km away and destroy multiple drones in succession. Moreover, this anti-drone solution is resistant to jamming, but its use requires good weather conditions. This system aims to eventually equip vehicles of the Scorpion program.

Anti-Drone Missiles

The final point in active protection is similar to the active protection system that equips armored vehicles. It involves a radar detector that confirms the threat posed by the drone, followed by a hardkill system that neutralizes the drone by firing a missile. Both the Russians and Americans have developed such systems.

Russian soldier spotted during 9th May parade with an Anti-drone rifle ( directed Jammer)   (Picture source: Telegram channel )

Exceptional Anti-Drone Efforts

Shotgun Usage

The 12-gauge shotgun is frequently used for various purposes by the military, often considered more of a tool than a weapon. Its variety of ammunition allows it to breach doors, stop light vehicles, or cover a large area with a spread of pellets. Consequently, the Belgians and French have experimented with using this tool, already in use by conventional and non-conventional forces, for anti-drone efforts. France uses standard-issue weapons as an effective means against aviation. In a video published on the Army's YouTube channel, anti-drone efforts are shown using a Browning M2 12.7 caliber machine gun.

Rapid Fire Project

In 2023, the RAPIDFire turret, a 40 mm rapid-fire cannon, will equip the Navy's force replenishment vessels (BRF). Developed by Nexter and Thales, it is capable of successively engaging multiple targets. Unlike American C-RAM systems, the RAPIDFire seeks precision rather than saturating an area with projectiles. Equipped with gyro stabilizers, autonomous calculations, and a selection of munitions adapted to the threat, it guarantees near-success with each shot.

Rapid fire turret on naval configuration  presented by Thales  (Infography source: Thales )

Anti-Drone Eagles

In France, the Air and Space Force quickly sought to protect its infrastructure from the civilian drone threat, leading to an experimental project involving eagles. The military trained and deployed eagles to intercept and destroy drones entering no-fly zones. The project was also tested by Switzerland and the Netherlands, both of which terminated the project due to the risks posed to the animals and humans below.

Conclusion: which future for anti-drone system 

In the field of anti-drone warfare, the most advanced countries are the United States and Israel, according to the Ministry of Defense. Since 2017, the U.S. military has been developing a rather remarkable anti-drone system. The Mobile Force Protection Program was created to protect "high-value" convoys. This system initially detects malicious drones using an X-band radar (ultra-high frequency). Then, artificial intelligence software attempts to identify the intentions of the aircraft. If it poses a threat, the second part of the system comes into play: a tube-shaped interception drone which, by firing streamers into the propellers of the threatening drone, causes it to fall. Fired from a moving vehicle, the interception drones can be reused. In Israel, by 2024, the military should have a ground-based system capable of shooting down rockets and drones. This involves an airborne laser, successfully tested at an altitude of 900 meters and within a one-kilometer radius. The military wants to refine the laser to intercept a drone up to 20 km away. To resume, humans won't be removed but technology aims to be autonomous. 

Video:  Russian soldier destroying a ukrainian drone with 12 gauge rifle: 

A recent picture circulating on social media reveals an American-made M1A1SA Main Battle Tank, donated by the United States to Ukraine, now equipped with additional armor. This tank features Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armor (ERA) mounted at the front of the hull, highlighting a significant enhancement in its protection against the current threats on the Ukrainian battlefield.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

Ukrainian Abrams M1A1SA tank upgraded with Soviet-made Kontakt-1 Explosive Reactive Armor mounted at the front of the hull. (Picture source X Account The Dead District)

The M1A1SA (Situational Awareness) is an upgraded version of the M1A1 Abrams main battle tank, designed to enhance its electronics, situational awareness, and survivability. The upgrades include improved electronics that integrate with modern digital communication systems, such as updates to the tank's fire control system, communications equipment, and other electronic components. These enhancements are crucial for providing the tank crew with more accurate and timely information, enabling them to better understand and react to the battlefield environment.

When it comes to survivability, the M1A1SA leaves no room for compromise. It features upgraded armor packages and other protective measures designed to withstand enemy fire and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) more effectively. The tank's ability to protect its crew is not just a feature, it's a promise. While the M1A1SA retains the same engine and basic mobility features as the original M1A1, minor improvements ensure better overall performance and reliability. 

The Ukrainian army upgrades US M1A1 tanks with Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armor (ERA) to enhance their protection against modern threats, particularly anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and other high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) munitions. This decision is driven by the need for increased protection, as Kontakt-1 ERA provides an additional layer of defense against shaped charges and kinetic energy penetrators. By disrupting the penetration of incoming projectiles, this armor reduces the likelihood of catastrophic damage to the tank and improves crew survivability.

Moreover, Ukrainian forces face a variety of advanced anti-tank weapons on the battlefield, including those used by adversaries in the region. Upgrading tanks with Kontakt-1 ERA helps to mitigate the effectiveness of these threats, offering better protection against the kinds of munitions most commonly encountered. Kontakt-1 is a well-established and widely used ERA system in the Ukrainian military, ensuring compatibility with their logistical and maintenance infrastructure. This familiarity and availability make it a practical choice for enhancing the defensive capabilities of the M1A1 tanks.

Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armor (ERA) is a Soviet-developed system designed to improve the survivability of armored vehicles against modern anti-tank threats. Developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it became widely deployed on Soviet and later Russian tanks and other armored vehicles. Technically, Kontakt-1 consists of explosive-filled metal plates arranged in a layered configuration. When an incoming projectile strikes these plates, the explosive material detonates, causing the plates to rapidly move and disrupt the penetration of the projectile.

The primary function of Kontakt-1 ERA is to counter the effects of shaped charges, such as those found in anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) munitions. Shaped charges work by focusing the explosive energy into a narrow jet, which can penetrate thick armor. When Kontakt-1 detonates, it disrupts this focused jet, reducing its effectiveness and preventing it from penetrating the underlying armor. This disruption is achieved through the kinetic interaction between the moving plates and the penetrator, which either deforms or deflects the jet, thus diminishing its penetrating power.

Kontakt-1 ERA also provides protection against kinetic energy penetrators, such as armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) rounds, though it is primarily designed to counter HEAT threats. The additional layer of protection offered by Kontakt-1 ERA can significantly enhance the survivability of armored vehicles on the battlefield.

In conclusion, adding Kontakt-1 explosive reactive armor (ERA) to the original M1A1SA main battle tank significantly enhances its battlefield survivability. This upgrade protects against modern anti-tank threats, such as shaped charges found in anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) munitions. By disrupting the penetration mechanisms of these projectiles, Kontakt-1 ERA reduces the likelihood of catastrophic damage and improves crew safety. This enhancement is particularly valuable given the diverse and advanced anti-tank weaponry encountered on contemporary battlefields. Additionally, the widespread use and familiarity of Kontakt-1 within the Ukrainian military ensure compatibility and ease of integration, making it a practical and effective upgrade for the M1A1SA tanks.

The U.S. Army demonstrated the capabilities of the advanced Dronebuster technology during the Eager Lion 2024 military exercise in Jordan. During this exercise, Sgt. Jose Arellano, from the 1st Battalion, 121st Infantry Regiment, showcased how the Dronebuster effectively counters drone threats by overwhelming their control frequency. This capability is increasingly vital as the global use of drones continues to rise.
Follow Army Recognition on Google News at this link

U.S. Army Sgt. Jose Arellano, assigned to 1st Battalion, 121st Infantry Regiment, demonstrates the proper form for employing a Dronebuster to counter drone threats at Eager Lion 2024 in Jordan, May 13, 2024. (Picture source U.S. DoD)

Eager Lion 2024, a globally significant multilateral exercise hosted by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, involves military personnel from 33 nations. This annual event, of paramount importance, aims to foster the exchange of military expertise and enhance interoperability among participating nations. It also underscores the strong military relationship between the United States and the Jordanian Armed Forces.

The Dronebuster, developed by Radio Hill Technologies (RHT) and now produced by Flex Force, is an RF jammer designed to neutralize drones. The device disrupts the drone's control frequency, forcing it to return to its operator. It can also interfere with GPS/GNSS signals, causing the drone to hover, land, or crash.

Since its inception, the Dronebuster has seen a remarkable journey of adoption and deployment. In June 2017, RHT secured a contract to sell 100 Block 3 Dronebusters to the U.S. Air Force. By the end of 2017, RHT had delivered 200 Block 3 units to the U.S. Department of Defense and NATO partners, marking a significant milestone. Following its merger with Flex Force in January 2019, the company has continued to advance the technology, delivering the 1,000th system in February 2022, a testament to its growing importance in modern military operations.

The Dronebuster comes in various configurations, including Block 3 and Block 3B. Both configurations can be used as stand-alone, man-portable systems or integrated into a broader counter-unmanned aircraft system (C-UAS) solution. The Block 3 variant supports line-of-sight (LOS) operations, while the Block 3B can operate beyond line-of-sight (BLOS).

The counter-drone portable weapon Dronebuster has a compact and lightweight design, making it highly portable. Block 3 measures 21 inches in length, 6.5 inches in width, and 11 inches in height and weighs 4.1 pounds. The Block 3B is slightly larger and heavier, measuring 22 inches long, 5.5 inches wide, and 10.5 inches high, and weighs 6.4 pounds.

The demonstration at Eager Lion 2024 showcased the effectiveness of the Dronebuster and emphasized the importance of such technology in modern military operations. As drone threats continue to evolve, the integration of advanced countermeasures like the Dronebuster is crucial for maintaining operational security and effectiveness in diverse military engagements.