The BTR-60PB is equipped with a one-man turret mounted in the center of the vehicle. The turret is armed with a 14.5mm KPVT heavy machine gun and a coaxial 7.62 PKT machine gun on the right side. A telescopic sight is mounted to the left of the main armament. The day-only sight is provided with a wiper. The turret has a manual traverse and is provided with an adjustable seat for the gunner. The turret allows the armament to be elevated between -5° and +30° and can rotate on 360°. The 14.5 mm KPVT heavy machine gun has a maximum effective rate of fire of 150 rounds per minute with a maximum range of 2,000 m. The KPVT ammunition can penetrate 20 mm of armor at a range of 1,000 m and 30 mm of armor at a range of 500 m. The 7.62mm PKT coaxial machine gun has a maximum effective rate of fire of 250 rounds per minute with a maximum range of 1,000 m.

The BTR-60PB is fitted with fully protected roof armor for crew and infantrymen, this is the most important feature compared to the first BTR-60. The hull of the BTR-60PB is made in all-welded steel armor which provides protection against the firing of small arms of 7.62mm caliber for the front of the hull and from a range of 100 m for the other sides of the vehicle. The driver and commander are seated at the front of the hull. The driver sits on the left with the vehicle commander to his right. Both have a windscreen in front of them which, when in action, is covered by a flap hinged at the top. To the rear of the turret on the right side is a single-piece hatch cover that opens to the left and to the left rear of this is a single-piece hatch cover that opens to the right. There are single doors that open forwards on either side of the hull and two or three firing ports and vision blocks. The rear part of the hull can carry 14 fully equipped infantrymen. The infantrymen are seated on bench seats along the side and rear of the troop compartment. The two engines are mounted on the rear of the hull.