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The 2K11 Krug (NATO code SA-4 Ganef) is a Soviet-made medium-range air defense missile. The development of the system started in 1958. The first version, Krug-A, entered service in 1967, with extensively modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974, which were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service. It was first unveiled during a military parade in Moscow in May 1965. Modified versions, the Krug-M in 1971 and the Krug-M1 in 1974 were developed to rectify problems discovered during army service. The 2K11 was briefly operated by the Soviet army during the war in Afghanistan in 1979 and 1980, but was withdrawn several months after the initial invasion. In 1997, it was reported that, between 1993 and 1996, some 27 fire units of Krug and 349 missiles had been sold to Armenia.
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- Krug-A: first operational deployment version, entered service in 1967.
- Krug-M: a modified version of Krug-A, entered service in 1971.
- Krug-M1: a modified version of Krug-M, entered service in 1974.
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| Missile launcher unit |
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Each TEL (Transporter Erector Launcher) SA-4 Ganef 2P24 (2P24M for the Krug-M version) consists of a tracked armoured chassis on top of which is mounted a hydraulically operated turntable carrying two missiles. The launcher can be traversed through 360º and the missiles elevated up to an angle of 45º on their launcher arms for launching. Before the missiles can be launched, the rear vertical fins are replaced, the protective coverings of the ramjet airscoop and the various unit nozzles removed, the calliper clamps that hold each missile in the travelling position are released manually and the calliper frame folded forwards. The launcher can be traversed through 360º and the missiles elevated up to an angle of 45º on their launcher arms for launching. Before the missiles can be launched, the rear vertical fins are replaced, the protective coverings of the ramjet airscoop and the various unit nozzles removed, the calliper clamps that hold each missile in the travelling position are released manually and the calliper frame folded forwards.
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Four variants of the missile have been produced, designated 9M8, 9M8M, 9M8M1, 9M8M2 and 9M8M3. External differences between them were minimal, as any improvements were internal. The last two sub-variants remain the predominant types in service. The 3M8M1 is the 8.8 m long-nosed version (the SA-4a) with effective range limits of 9,000 to 50,000 m and effective altitude limits of 250 to 50,000 m. The 3M8M2 is the short-nosed 8.3 m version (SA-4b or `Ganef' Mod 1). This has an improved close-range performance to reduce the dead zone above the SPU at the expense of losing some altitude. Both versions have a fuselage diameter of 0.86 m, a wing span of 2.3 m and a tail span of 2.73 m. The HE warhead weighs 150 kg and is detonated by a proximity fuze.
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| Mobility |
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The TEL SA-4 Ganef vehicles is based on a tracked chassis GM-123. The driver is seated at the front of the vehicle, on the left and has a single hatch cover in front of which are two periscopes. The engine is to the right of the driver with the remainder of the space in the vehicle taken up by the crew and electronics. There are hatches for the other crew members either side of the missile turntable. The torsion bar suspension consists of seven dual rubber-tyre road wheels with the drive sprocket at the front and the idler at the rear, and four track-return rollers. Hydraulic shock absorbers are provided for the first and last road wheel stations. The vehicle has an air filtration and overpressure NBC system and an IR night vision system for the commander and driver but no amphibious capability.
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| Command and control radar |
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A typical battery of SA-4 Ganef (2K11 Krug) has one TEL fitted with the 9M8M2 and two TELs with the 9M8M1 missile, although some TELs may carry one missile of each type. An electro-optical fire control system is fitted for use in a heavy ECM environment. Targets are initially detected by the long range P-40 "Long Track" early warning E-band radar, which has a 150 km range and 30 km maximum altitude coverage. Long Track' operates in the E-band and passes data to the SA-4 `Ganef' battery where the 1S32 H-band `Pat Hand' continuous wave fire control and command guidance radar takes over. This radar typically acquires the target at about 120 to 130 km and, when it is within 80 to 90 km, tracking can begin. The PRv-9 "Thin Skin" truck or trailer-mounted height-finder radar also provides height information. If required, the `Pat Hand' can handle two missiles per target in order to increase kill probability. The reserve missiles are carried on Ural-375 (6 × 6) trucks. Reloading the SPU takes between 10 and 15 minutes.
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P-40 1S12 "Long Track" 3D UHF Radar
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The P-40 or 1S12 (NATO reporting name "Long Track" in the west) is a 3-D UHF radar used to detect targets at a maximum range of 150 km and a maximum altitude of 30km.
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1S32 "Pat Hand" H-band Control and Guidance Radar
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The 1S32 "Pat Hand" is a H-band radar which is udef by SA-4 Ganef battery as fire control and command guidance radar.
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PRV-9 "Thin Skin" 1RL19 finding radar
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The PRV-9 Thin Skin is a Soviet-made E band height finding radar. The radar can be mounted on a military truck or on a trailer. It was used for measuring of the elevation angle and height calculation in low, middle and large heights for short to medium range.
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| Specifications |
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Type of missile
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surface-to-air medium-range missile
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Country users
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Armenia, Azerbaqijan, Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, North Korea, Turkmenistan, Ukraine.
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Guidance
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Radio command
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Warhead
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Frag-HE 150 kg
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Launcher
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single rail
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Speed missile
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1,100 m/s
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Effective range and altitude
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55 km
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Deployment time
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? min
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Radar
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- The P-40 or 1S12 Long Track: detection radar
- 1S32 Pat Hand: control and guidance radar
- PRV9 Thin Skin: finding radar
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Dimensions (Length) missile
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| 8.78 m |
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