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Version
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T-90
main battle tank |
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The T-90
is a further development of the T-72B main battle tank. The T-90 is
equipped with precise weapons laying systems enabling the crew to engage
ground and air targets. The T-90 MBT was developed at the Kartsev/Venediktov
Bureau, `Vagonka' at Nizhnyi Tagil. The T-90 MBT was shown for the first
time outside Russia in March 1997 when it was demonstrated in Abu Dhabi.
By September 1995, some 107 T-90 tanks had been produced, located in
the Siberian Military District. By mid-1996 some 107 T-90s had gone
into service in the Far Eastern Military District. In 2007, there were
about 334 T-90 tanks serving in the Russian Ground Forces' 5th Guards
Tank Division, stationed in the Siberian Military District, and seven
T-90 tanks in the Navy. Some 31 new T-90 tanks were expected to enter
service in 2007, and 60 in 2008. The Russian Federal Service for Defence
Contracts (Rosoboronexport) announced in July 2008 that a new tank (which
rumour has previously referred to as the T-95) was due to be introduced
in 2009, but development was cancelled in May 2010. |
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| Variants |
- T-90K:
Command version of the T-90
- T-90E: Export version of T-90 MBT.
- T-90A: Russian army version with welded turret, V-92S2 engine
and ESSA thermal viewer. Sometimes called T-90 Vladimir.
- T-90S: Export version of T-90A.
- T-90SK: Command version of the T-90S. It differs in radio and
navigation equipment and Ainet remote-detonation system for HEF rounds.
- T-90S "Bhishma": modified T-90S in Indian service.
- T-90M: Prototype version featuring new explosive reactive armour
(ERA) , new 1,250 PS (920 kW) engine, new improved turret and composite
armor, new gun, new thermal imaging Catherine-FC from THALES, an enhanced
environmental control system supplied by Israel’s Kinetics Ltd for
providing cooled air to the fighting compartment, integrated tactical
system, satellite navigation and others. |
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| Technical
Data |
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| Armament |
The main
armament is composed of a 125 mm two-axis stabilized smoothbore
gun 2A46M. In addition, the T-90 is armed with an 7.62 mm
PKT machine gun mounted coaxially with the main gun, and one
NSVT 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun is mounted on the commander's
cupola. She is designed for use against air and ground targets.
Mounted either side of the turret is a bank of six electrically
operated 81 mm smoke grenade launchers. A thermal shield jacket
protects the tube of the main gun. The design of the gun tube
and the breech ring allow the tube to be removed from the
turret and replaced without dismantling the whole gun. Ammunitions
carried by the T-90 include armour-piercing, shaped-charge
and fragmentation projectiles. Moreover, the T-90 can fire
airburst scattering projectiles. The T-90's guided weapons
system, dubbed Reflex, uses the 9M119 (NATO designation AT-11
Sniper) guided rocket fitted with a shaped-charge warhead.
the system considerably enhances the effectiveness of attack
against hard targets and low-flying helicopters. The 9M119
guided rocket is loaded into the main gun by the automatic
loader and is launched through. The rocket is guided by a
laser beam. Guidance range is about 5 km.
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| Protection |
| The
T-90 features the high level of protection against conventional
weapons (different types of projectiles, anti-tank guided weapons,
mines, shell fragments, bullets, etc). For better protection
against anti-tank weapons, the T-90 main battle tank embodies
passive and active protection features, classic armour and integrated
explosive reactive armour ERA kits. The T-90 is fitted with
three levels protection systems. The first level is the composite
armour in the turret, consisting of basic armour shell with
an insert of alternating layers of aluminium and plastics and
a controlled deformation section. The second level is the third
generation of explosive reactive armour Kontakt-5 ERA fitted
on the front and side of the hull, and the turret. The third
level is the Shtora-1 countermeasures suite. The T-90 is protected
against weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear. Probability
of hitting a land mine by the vehicle's bottom and tracks is
minimum, because the mine sweeping gear is attached to the hull
at the front. There are four removable spring-loaded skirt plates
fitted over the forward part of the track, which are unclipped
in action and spring forward at an angle of 60º from the
side of the vehicle, to give a measure of protection against
HEAT projectiles.
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| Propulsion |
The
T-90 main battle tank is powered by the V-84MS four-stroke 12-cylinder
multi-fuel Diesel engine delivering 840 hp. The engine operates
on diesel fuel, kerosene grades T-2 and TS-1, and gasoline grade
A-72. Capacity of main and auxiliary fuel tanks is 1,600 l,
including 705 l in an armour protected fuel tank. More to that,
two fuel drums, containing 200 l and 275, can be connected to
the main fuel system. They are mounted at the rear of the hull.
Suspension is of the torsion bar type and either side consists
of six dual rubber-tyred road wheels with the drive sprocket
at the rear, idler at the front and three track-return rollers.
Hydraulic shock-absorbers are provided at the first, second
and sixth road wheel stations.
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| Accessories |
The
T-90 was the first main battle tank to be equipped with an optoelectronic
countermeasures system Shtora-1, which reduces the probability
of the tank to be hit by semi-automatic laser-guided anti-tank
weapons. The system also jams the enemy’s laser guidance
and laser range-finding systems operating on similar physical
principles. The system comprises an optoelectronic countermeasures
station and a screen setting sub-system. Standard equipment
includes NBC protection, fire detection and suppression system,
nose-mounted dozer blade and a deep fording kit. To increase
the operational range of the T-90, two diesel fuel drums can
be carried under the hull rear. Mine clearing equipment of the
KMT-7 or KMT-8 type can be mounted at the front of the hull.
The standard equipment of T-90 also includes nuclear, biological
and chemical (NBC) protection system. The T-90 can be fitted
with a snorkel for deep fording. It takes the crew 20 minutes
to prepare the T-90 for fording a water barrier with a depth
of up to 5m.
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| Specifications |
| Back
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Armament |
| One
125 mm smoothbore 2A46M gun, one PKT 7.62 mm
coaxial machine gun, one NSVT 12.7 mm anti-aircraft
machine gun, 8x81 mm smoke grenade launchers |
Country
users |
| Algeria,
India, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkmenistan. |
Designer
Country |
| Russia
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Accessories |
| Water-jets,
air conditionning system, NBC protection system,
night vision and front winch. |
Crew |
3
soldiers
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Armor |
| Composite
armour, reactive armour ERA.
a
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Weight |
46,500
kg |
Speed |
60
km/h maximum road speed |
Range |
550
km on road
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Dimensions |
Length,
6.86 m hull; 9.53 m gun forward
Width, 2.49 m; Height, 2.06 m |
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