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Oerlikon
35 mm Twin gun Skyguard anti-aircraft defence system |
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The
Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannon is a towed anti-aircraft gun made by Oerlikon
Contraves (renamed as Rheinmetall Air Defence AG following the merger
with Rheinmetall in 2009). This twin-barrel 35mm gun has an Fire
Control Unit Skyguard that detects and tracks air targets
up to 20 km and computes firing data. The first prototype of this was
completed in 1959 under the designation 1 ZLA/353 MK, which was renamed
GDF-1. In 1980, the GDF-002 model was introduced. More than 2,000 guns
were produced and sold in approximately 30 countries. In 1980, The Oerlikon
35 mm GDF-002 automatic anti-aircraft gun is used primarily as an anti-aircraft
weapon but can also be applied against ground targets. In May 1985,
the GDF-005 was introduced. This is an overall improvement of the GDF-001/2/3
and the earlier models can be modified to the GDF-005 standard by the
use of combat improvement kits supplied by Oerlikon Contraves. The GDF-005
features a new autonomous gun sighting system, an onboard power supply
system, an automatic reload and other improvements. Later, the GDF-005
was upgraded with AHEAD system, and named GDF-007. AHEAD technology,
developed by Oerlikon Contraves improves the capability of air defense
guns such to engage and destroy aerial targets, from large aircraft
to small targets such as missiles or PGMs (Precision-Guided Munition
). With the addition of AHEAD modernization, existing Skyguard fire
are fitted with the fire control subsystems which enable the system
to be operated as a stand-alone gun or in a "fire unit network",
separated up to three kilometers from each other.
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| Main Variants |
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GDF-001: first version
- GDF-002: which featured an improved sight, and the
ability to be directed by an off-gun digital control system.
- GDF-003: similar to GDF-002, but included some enhancements
like self-lubricating weapons and integrated protective covers.
- GDF-005: has several overall improvements that can
be retrofitted to existing GDF versions using modification kits. One
of the main improvements is the fitting of the Gunking 3-D autonomous
computer-controlled optronic sighting system, which eliminates the need
for the gunner to estimate target parameters.
- GDF-007: upgrade of GDF-005 with AHEAD system.
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| Technical
Data |
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| Cannon |
| The
Oerlikon twin-gun uses a 35 mm autocannons, which were originally
designated 353 MK and are now designated as the KD series. The
same KD series 35 mm cannons are used in the Leopard tank based
Gepard and T-55 based Marksman self-propelled anti-aircraft
guns. The cannon is mounted is mounted to a cradle, with the
upper mount determines traverse of the guns, which is in the
pivot bearing of the lower mount. The upper mount platform supports
the auxiliary aiming equipment, the seats for the crew and both
63-round reloading containers. The guns have a maximum elevation
speed of 56º/s and a maximum traverse speed of 112º/s.
The Oerlikon 35mm gun is able to fire 1100 rds/min. |
| Ammunition |
| The
ammunition containers are on each side of the cradle and rotate
with it. Each fully loaded ammunition container holds 56 rounds.
The ammunition is reloaded in seven-round clips from the reloading
container and passed through the upper mount trunnions to the
cannon. |
| Mobility |
The
cradle is designed to carry both guns and is on the elevation
axis. It contains the hydro-mechanical recoil mechanism, which
absorbs the recoil forces. The ammunition containers are on
each side of the cradle and rotate with it. The lower part of
the cradle comprises the two-axle chassis and the outriggers
with the levelling spindles for three-point support in the firing
positions. Raising and lowering the levelling spindles and raising
the wheels are done electro-hydraulically or manually in the
case of power failure. The whole Oerlikon 35mm twin-barrel is
generally towed by a 5 tonnes 6 x 6 military truck.
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| Accessories |
The sighting equipment consists of a MBDA sight Type GSA Mark
3, a ground target sight mounted on the MBDA sight housing and
an optical alignment sight. The target range is the only parameter
to be adjusted in action on the MBDA sight. |
| Combat
use |
A
typical battery of GDF would consist of two 35 mm anti-aircraft
twin guns, each with a power supply unit and fire control unit.
The guns are controlled by a a single Skyguard
fire control radar. During a regular mission the
35 mm guns are controlled by a fire control unit, but they also
can be operated in local mode by the gunner and the two gun
loaders, where the gunner is using a joystick for control and
a sight for aiming. A crew of three or in 2 minutes 30 seconds
can bring the weapon into the firing position in 1 minute 30
seconds by one. A hand pump is also fitted and when it is used
the weapon can be brought into action in 5 minutes.
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| Specifications |
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Armament |
| Tow
barrels of 35mm
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Country
users |
| Argentina,
Austria, Bahrain, Brazil, Cameroon, canada,
Chile, Cyprus, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, Greece,
Germany, Iran, japan, South Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia,
Oman, Pakistan, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey,
United Arab Emirates. |
Designer
Country |
| Germany
- Switzerland
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Accessories |
| Infrared
night vision, NBC protection system. |
Crew |
3
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Ammunition |
| HEI-T,
HEI, HEI (BF), SAPHEI-T, FAPDS, TP-T/TP, AHEAD |
Weight |
6,700 kg travel order with ammunition and accessories
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Traverse
/ Elevation |
Traverse:
360°
Elevation: +92°/-50° |
Range
of fire |
4,000
m
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Dimensions |
Length,
7.8 m travelling; 8.83 m firing
Width, 2.26 m travelling; 4.49 m firing
Height, 2.6 m travelling; 1.72 m firing
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